浓缩DNA法结合miniSTR分型技术检验微量DNA

目的优化低拷贝数DNA STR分型方法。方法对采用磁珠法或Chelex-100法提取DNA,Identi-filer试剂盒扩增,未获得分型结果的日常检案检材,采用物理浓缩法或过柱浓缩法浓缩DNA,采用miniFilerTM试剂盒再次扩增分型。结果 127例检材中,47例磁珠法提取DNA未获得分型的样品,分型成功率为36%;80例Chelex-100法提取DNA未获分型的样品,分型成功率为30%。结论采用浓缩法和miniFilerTM试剂盒,可以提高日常检案中低拷贝数检材的STR检验分型成功率。     

利用IDMH-Z780系统对碳素钢笔水书写字迹与印章印文交叉时序的无损检验研究

目的研究常见的碳素钢笔水书写笔迹与不同印章印文交叉时序的相关性。方法利用IDMH-Z780系统对制成的实验样本进行微观观察,并对三维数学模型图进行特征分析。结果先墨后朱,交叉部位字迹边缘状态完整,等高线宽度、流向未见明显变化;先朱后墨,书写笔迹色料分布发生数字图形曲面变化。结论用IDMH-Z780系统可以观察分析朱墨交叉部位的微观特征和无损检验研究。     

延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行情况,分别采用血涂片染色镜检法和PCR方法对采自延边地区的206份牛血液样本进行了牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查。结果显示,PCR检测的阳性率为62.6%,显著高于血涂片染色镜检法检测的阳性率(17.5%)。采用统计学分析方法对PCR检测的206份血液样本进行了不同地区、不同年龄、不同品种及饲养方式的比较;结果,不同地区之间和不同品种之间瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异不显著(P>0.05);而不同年龄阶段之间和不同饲养方式之间牛瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,吉林省延边地区是牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行地区。     

A Prototype of Mathematical Treatment of Pen Pressure Data for Signature Verification

A prototype using simple mathematical treatment of the pen pressure data recorded by a digital pen movement recording device was derived. In this study, a total of 48 sets of signature and initial specimens were collected. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the data of the pen pressure patterns. From the 820 pair comparisons of the 48 sets of genuine signatures, a high degree of matching was found in which 95.4% (782 pairs) and 80% (656 pairs) had rPA > 0.7 and rPA > 0.8, respectively. In the comparison of the 23 forged signatures with their corresponding control signatures, 20 of them (89.2% of pairs) had rPA values < 0.6, showing a lower degree of matching when compared with the results of the genuine signatures. The prototype could be used as a complementary technique to improve the objectivity of signature examination and also has a good potential to be developed as a tool for automated signature identification.     

试论非法证据排除的程序规制——关于完善庭审阶段非法证据排除的裁判程序的思考

防止冤假错案,维护程序公正,实现惩罚犯罪与保障人权的统一,非法证据排除规则的制定,可谓任重道远。无疑,法律的颁布不等于实施。除了刑事法官的价值观念、法律思维、职业习惯的主观因素影响及刑事司法实践的客观因素作用,作为价值性冲突规范,非法证据排除规则的理解、适用仍有其难处。本文以庭审阶段非法证据排除的程序规制为切入点,拟从法解释学的角度,结合本土刑事司法实践特征,以求进一步明晰非法证据排除规则的运用,从而更为有效地实施排除规则。     

系统检验方法在可疑文件鉴定中运用

通过对近年来成功解决的几起可疑文件鉴定的典型案例分析,较详细地阐述在文件鉴定实践中,如何运用系统检验的思想,通过可疑文件上留下的细微变造痕迹,巧妙识别可疑文件的伪造手段和方法,为法庭提供科学、可信的证据,取信于法官、律师及当事人,使得案件最终圆满审结.在面对某些疑难案件的鉴定中,在鉴定思路和方法上对文件检验人员,有一定的启示作用.     

Enhancing the Visibility of Injuries with Narrow‐Banded Beams of Light within the Visible Light Spectrum

The use of narrow‐banded visible light sources in improving the visibility of injuries has been hardly investigated, and studies examining the extent of this improvement are lacking. In this study, narrow‐banded beams of light within the visible light spectrum were used to explore their ability in improving the visibility of external injuries. The beams of light were induced by four crime‐lites^® providing narrow‐banded beams of light between 400 and 550 nm. The visibility of the injuries was assessed through specific long‐pass filters supplied with the set of crime‐lites^®. Forty‐three percent of the examined injuries improved in visibility by using the narrow‐banded visible light. In addition, injuries were visualized that were not visible or just barely visible to the naked eye. The improvements in visibility were particularly marked with the use of crime‐lites^® “violet” and “blue” covering the spectrum between 400–430 and 430–470 nm. The simple noninvasive method showed a great potential contribution in injury examination.     

The Spatial Distribution of Postblast RDX Residue: Forensic Implications

Locating exactly where trace explosive residue samples should be sought during sample collection at bomb scenes is not specified in the published literature or guidelines; in this area, it is generally acknowledged that forensic practices are based on tradition rather than evidence. This study investigated patterns in the spatial distribution of postblast 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazocyclohexane residue from a series of unconfined detonations, over a range of sampling sites, and at two different detonation heights. The amount of residue recovered from the sites decreased as a function of distance from the center of the explosion. [Correction added after online publication 27 December 2012: In the preceding sentence, “increased” was corrected to “decreased” to agree with the conclusion of the article.] As the height of the detonations increased, more residues were found from all sampling sites. The findings of this empirical study have a number of important practical implications including determining where residue samples are best sought at crime scenes.     

《特殊痕迹检验》课程考核模式的改革与实践

考核模式改革是我校＂教学重心转变＂工作中教学模式改革的重点和核心内容之一。本文通过对《特殊痕迹检验》课程考核模式的改革与实践,提出了适应本专业学生教学练战一体化的考核模式。     

笔迹的多层次及其在检验中的应用

在笔迹检验中,以笔迹多层次属性为基础,才能正确认识笔迹,分析笔迹,系统开展笔迹检验。文章从笔迹形成的多层次和笔迹特征的多层次两个方面系统研究笔迹内在的多层次性,探讨了多层次属性在文件物证检验中的应用,对笔迹检验理论的丰富和检验技术的提高都有着重要的意义。