Evaluation of GLOCK 9 mm Firing Pin Aperture Shear Mark Individuality Based On 1,632 Different Pistols by Traditional Pattern Matching and IBIS Pattern Recognition

Over a period of 21 years, a number of fired GLOCK cartridge cases have been evaluated. A total of 1632 GLOCK firearms were used to generate a sample of the same size. Our research hypothesis was that no cartridge cases fired from different 9‐mm semiautomatic GLOCK pistols would be mistaken as coming from the same gun. Using optical comparison microscopy, two separate experiments were carried out to test this hypothesis. A subsample of 617 test‐fired cases were subjected to algorithmic comparison by the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS). The second experiment subjected the full set of 1632 cases to manual comparisons using traditional pattern matching. None of the cartridge cases were “matched” by either of these two experiments. Using these empirical findings, an established Bayesian probability model was used to estimate the chance that a 9‐mm cartridge case, fired from a GLOCK, could be mistaken as coming from the same firearm when in fact it did not (i.e., the random match probability).     

How Much Can a Forensic Laboratory Do to Discriminate Questioned Ink Entries?

Questioned document examiners are frequently required to determine whether the questioned ink entries on a document are written with the same ink, either for forged document identification or relative ink dating. How many methods are sufficient to discriminate potentially different inks? In this paper, 18 blue ballpoint inks were first nondestructively examined with a video spectral comparator. The ink entries were subsequently extracted with organic solvents for analysis of the volatile solvents and dyes by GC/MS, TLC, and LC‐MS/MS. The 18 ink samples were divided into 10, 9, 12, and 14 categories by these four methods, respectively. With the combined results, there were only two inks that remained indistinguishable, but they were further differentiated by microscopy. Therefore, to achieve effective discrimination of ballpoint ink entries, the authors suggest that a complete examination should include an analysis of their optical features, volatile solvents, and dyes as well as the ink quality.     

Determination of the sequence of intersecting lines using Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope

The aim of this study was to verify that the combination of focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX) could be applied to determine the sequence of line crossings. The samples were transferred into FIB/SEM for FIB milling and an imaging operation. EDX was able to explore the chemical components and the corresponding elemental distribution in the intersection. The technique was successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections produced using gel pens and red sealing ink with highest success rate (100% correctness). These observations show that the FIB/SEM was the appropriate instrument for an overall examination of document.     

246例高坠案件中坠落高度与损伤分析

目的对高坠案件进行统计分析,为相关鉴定研究提供参考。方法收集上海市浦东地区最近十年来记录有坠落距离的246例高坠案件,对人体损伤的特点进行比较分析。结果自杀高坠的高度显著高于意外高坠的高度(25.70m:13.98m);所有高坠中,头部损伤概率较高(75.2%),颈部损伤概率较低(6.5%);意外高坠的头部损伤概率高于自杀组(89.4%:75.2%)。结论意外高坠的死者比自杀高坠的死者更缺乏四肢对于头部的保护;过低的颈部损伤发现率提示国内法医工作者应该更加重视在高坠案件中的对于颈部损伤的检查。     

关于精神疾患的司法问题研究——犯罪嫌疑人精神健康剖析

随着科学技术的飞速发展,人们生活工作节奏相应加快,激烈的社会竞争和各种生活应急事件使人们的心理压力日益加重,长期精神压力容易导致心身疾病、人格扭曲。文章通过对一个杀人犯罪嫌疑人的心理健康状况测试,剖析说明精神健康问题就发生在人们生活中,生活因素、家庭因素、个人因素是引发精神疾病的重要原因,对生活中的压力人们要学会预防和排遣。采用客观的测量手段甄别轻型精神疾患,对研究变态犯罪具有理论指导意义。     

司法考试与法学本科教学探究

司法考试自实行以来对高校法学教育特别是对地方高校的法学本科教育,在带来严峻挑战的同时,也为推动法学本科教育改革提供了契机,建立以司法考试为导向的法学人才培养机制已迫在眉睫.本文结合地方高校法学教学实际,联系省情校情,利用实证分析,为在教学中如何以司法考试为导向进行教学模式、教学内容改革,以及如何加强与司法实务部门的联系...     

道路交通事故鉴定的原则和方法

结合交通事故鉴定实例,从车辆安全技术状况鉴定、交通事故痕迹鉴定、酒精检测等方面论述交通事故鉴定的原则是：从交通事故物证入手,以科学的理论、数据和常识,揭示物证特有性质,使之成为能够证明事故真相的证据。交通事故鉴定的方法就是怎样让物证说话。让物证说话的方法很多,一个物证它本身具有很多特有性质,需要鉴定人员根据自身的经验和专业知识,揭示物证能够证明事故真相的特有性质。     

打印变造文书的检验流程及要旨

打印变造文书检验的研究现状反映出以下特点：研究水平受制于专业性、庞杂性的技术知识、无法满足司法鉴定实务需求以及缺乏系统、全面的理论与实务研究成果。在此情势下,本文基于打印变造文书的两大基本类型（单页文书打印添加与多页文书换页变造）,对其检验流程进行合理设计,并对其要旨问题进行重点分析。     

论专家辅助人出庭质证制度

有专门知识的人出庭质证在新修改的《刑事诉讼法》和《民事诉讼法》中已有规定,但如何正确适用,还有很多亟待解决的问题.关于专门知识的人的称谓、诉讼地位、权利和义务以及质证意见的法律效力等需要厘清;关于专门知识的人的管理问题,通过构建有专门知识的人出庭制度,用统一的具有可操作性的制度作指导,减少适用上的分歧,保证有专门知识的人出庭制度发挥其应有的功能.     

中国古代审判中的狱贵初情

“狱贵初情”是指在案件受理之初认真调查证据，并在事实认定时重视采信此类证据。“狱贵初情”观念萌芽于先秦时期，历经秦汉至隋唐的发展，到宋代时成型，元明清时期继续深化。“狱贵初情”对中国古代的立法与司法实践都产生了深远的影响，而部分司法者对初情采信的偏面强调在一定程度上导致了“狱贵初情”观念与实践的异化。