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771.
付有志 《中国人民公安大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,22(1):94-100
犯罪心理生理检测的主题测试结论是通过比较分析相关反应、参照反应、基础反应的相对强度形成的,不受被测人员心理素质影响;系统测试结论是综合至少5个独立且互补的主题测试结论形成的,基本排除了随机性因素的影响,至少具备95%以上的准确性。犯罪心理生理检测结论至多理解成被测人员是否了解案情,可以做间接证据使用,不能理解成被测人员是否实施了犯罪,不可以作为直接证据使用。 相似文献
772.
劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨劳动争议案件的司法精神病鉴定的现状及发展趋势。方法回顾性分析1990~2001年156例劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定中的被鉴定人一般资料、案由、委托方、鉴定时机、病史、鉴定结论等情况。结果44.2%的被鉴定人处于30~39岁,委托方多为法院(68.6%),大多数案件由家属和法院申请鉴定;终(中)止合同的案件占75.7%,劳动报酬的案件大幅度上升;争议起始至申请鉴定平均相距21.9个月,12个月以内的占69.2%;鉴定诊断精神分裂症82例(51.3%),无精神病16例(10.2%),结论与既往临床诊断一致的占91.2%;评定为有、限制、无行为能力的比例分别为23.7、23.1和52.6%。结论近年来劳动争议案件在数量、案由、鉴定时机等方面发生较大变化,有关民事行为能力的评定应引起司法精神病学界关注。 相似文献
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冉富强 《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》2013,(6):75-81
公权力优位是中国权力文化的特点之一。尽管当代社会在生产方式、社会结构及伦理基础方面均发生实质性变迁,但公权力优位的传统文化至今仍然深刻禁锢并影响着现代人特别是广大官员的思维模式、行为习惯和交往方式。比如过度适用刑法解决民事行政事务、“官本位”思想及公权力过度介入市民社会等都是典型例证。当前,检察制度改革应当以公权力优位传统文化为突破口,在刑事诉讼中要注意宽缓刑事政策的适用和加强人权保障;要进一步强化检察机关对职务犯罪的侦查权力;进一步拓展和加强检察机关对行政权的检察监督,把行政权力“装进”制度的“铁笼里”。 相似文献
776.
Hammond DL 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(4):967-973
Nondestructive digital processing methods such as lab color mode (available in Adobe Photoshop) are emerging as alternative methods for forensic document examiners to use when attempting to differentiate writing instrument inks. Although these techniques appear to be viable, little data currently exists regarding the known or potential error rates associated with these techniques. Without adequate data, the validity and reliability of these techniques, including lab color, can not be established. In an attempt to begin to address these issues, 44 black ballpoint ink pens were obtained and used to create 990 pen-pair samples for analysis using established lab color mode techniques. No erroneous findings of "different" were reported following the examination of the known pen-pair combinations in which the same pen was used to create the samples (n = 44). Of the remaining 946 samples, 737 pen-pair samples were differentiated using the lab color mode method, while 209 samples were unable to be differentiated and were recorded as either being "similar" (n = 153) or "unsure" (n = 56). Comparison of the lab color mode results with the results obtained through additional testing using traditional infrared reflectance and infrared luminescence test methods showed that lab color differentiated 102 pen-pair samples (11%; 102/946) that were not differentiated using a VSC-4C. 相似文献
777.
Yuesong Li M.S. Sheng Lin M.S. Yaping Luo Ph.D. Zhongliang Mi B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1335-1344
Firearms for police in China are registered along with their fired bullets and cartridge cases. A Registered Ballistic Database (RBD) of 1000 Norinco QSZ‐92 pistols with registered ammunition was established and was evaluated through the Evofinder® system. In this research, 1000 bullets and 1000 cartridge cases were randomly selected and correlated against an RBD of 2996 bullets and 2999 cartridge cases. Examiners found that successful identifications all ranked 1st, supported with land (100%), groove (97%) engraved areas, and primary marks (85.6%) for bullets, and firing pin impressions (99.8%), and breech face marks (99.9%) for cartridge cases. Two known matches (KM) for the same pistol rank in the top two (100%). The distribution of similarity scores varies from marks; however, the Evofinder® system could still effectively distinguish known matches from known nonmatches (KNM) for either bullets or cartridge cases. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the RBD. 相似文献
778.
Preliminary Studies on the Absorbance Ratio Method Used to Determining the Age of Stamp‐pad Ink Seal
Guoliang Ouyang M.Sc. Biao Li M.Sc. Pengnan Zhao M.Sc. Xingfei Guo M.Sc. Changliang Wang M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(4):1203-1212
Stamp‐pad ink seals are often placed on important documents, and determining the dating of stamp‐pad ink seal is important to assess the authenticity of a document. In this study, 20 different brands and types of stamp‐pad inks were classified by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Six different brands and types of papers were classified by micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and visual spectral comparator 6000. Three different brands of stamp‐pad inks and two different types of paper were used to make diachronic samples of the seals. A method was employed to date the stamp‐pad seals by comparing absorbance ratios and inks of known age. Curves were created to show the relationship between the absorbance ratio of ink and the age of the seals. The experimental results showed that the absorbance ratio method was applicable for the relative dating of stamp‐pad ink seals in some cases where the seal was placed on the document within 10 weeks. 相似文献
779.
Pierre Duez M.A.Sc. Todd Weller M.S. Marcus Brubaker Ph.D. Richard E. Hockensmith B.S. II Ryan Lilien M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1069-1084
The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty‐six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency‐style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory. 相似文献
780.
The Effect of pH on Electrolyte Detection of Fingermarks on Cartridge Cases and Subsequent Microscopic Examination 下载免费PDF全文
Simon Liu H.B.Sc. Michelle Pflug H.B.Sc. Robert Hofstetter H.B.Sc. B.A. Michael Taylor 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(1):186-192
Cartridge cases may contain deposited fingermarks when the firearm was loaded ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm , J Forensic Sci, 53 , 2008 and 812). Cartridge cases can be individualized with microscopic examination. However, heat and friction degrades the deposited fingermark on the fired cartridge cases, if any on the surface. Also, unfired and fired cartridge cases are made of metal, which is a nonporous surface that does not retain fingermarks well ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm ). This study tests the effects of pH level on fingermark clarity on brass fired and unfired cartridge cases and microscopic striation examination (MSE). Two trials were performed to determine the optimal pH in fingermark clarity for both types of cartridges. This was performed through immersion in six pH range solutions from dilutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide for 24 h for the purpose of enhancing the fingermarks on the metal. The use of the optimal neutral pH level is suggested because immersion of the cartridge cases in pH 1–3 and 3–5 affects MSE. 相似文献