论犯罪心理生理检测结论

犯罪心理生理检测的主题测试结论是通过比较分析相关反应、参照反应、基础反应的相对强度形成的,不受被测人员心理素质影响;系统测试结论是综合至少5个独立且互补的主题测试结论形成的,基本排除了随机性因素的影响,至少具备95％以上的准确性。犯罪心理生理检测结论至多理解成被测人员是否了解案情,可以做间接证据使用,不能理解成被测人员是否实施了犯罪,不可以作为直接证据使用。     

劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定研究

目的探讨劳动争议案件的司法精神病鉴定的现状及发展趋势。方法回顾性分析1990～2001年156例劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定中的被鉴定人一般资料、案由、委托方、鉴定时机、病史、鉴定结论等情况。结果44.2%的被鉴定人处于30～39岁,委托方多为法院(68.6%),大多数案件由家属和法院申请鉴定;终(中)止合同的案件占75.7%,劳动报酬的案件大幅度上升;争议起始至申请鉴定平均相距21.9个月,12个月以内的占69.2%;鉴定诊断精神分裂症82例(51.3%),无精神病16例(10.2%),结论与既往临床诊断一致的占91.2%;评定为有、限制、无行为能力的比例分别为23.7、23.1和52.6%。结论近年来劳动争议案件在数量、案由、鉴定时机等方面发生较大变化,有关民事行为能力的评定应引起司法精神病学界关注。     

The Effect of pH on Electrolyte Detection of Fingermarks on Cartridge Cases and Subsequent Microscopic Examination

Cartridge cases may contain deposited fingermarks when the firearm was loaded ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm , J Forensic Sci, 53 , 2008 and 812). Cartridge cases can be individualized with microscopic examination. However, heat and friction degrades the deposited fingermark on the fired cartridge cases, if any on the surface. Also, unfired and fired cartridge cases are made of metal, which is a nonporous surface that does not retain fingermarks well ( http://www.nij.gov/pubs-sum/225320.htm ). This study tests the effects of pH level on fingermark clarity on brass fired and unfired cartridge cases and microscopic striation examination (MSE). Two trials were performed to determine the optimal pH in fingermark clarity for both types of cartridges. This was performed through immersion in six pH range solutions from dilutions of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide for 24 h for the purpose of enhancing the fingermarks on the metal. The use of the optimal neutral pH level is suggested because immersion of the cartridge cases in pH 1–3 and 3–5 affects MSE.     

Identification of document paper using hybrid feature extraction

Document forgery is a significant issue in Korea, with around ten thousand cases reported every year. Analyzing paper plays a crucial role in examining questionable documents such as marketable securities and contracts, which can aid in solving criminal cases of document forgery. Paper analysis can also provide essential insights in other types of criminal cases, serving as an important clue for solving cases such as the source of a blackmail letter. The papermaking process generates distinct forming fabric marks and formations, which are critical features for paper classification. These characteristics are observable under transmitted light and are created by the forming fabric pattern and the distribution of pulp fibers, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel approach for paper identification based on hybrid features. This method combines texture features extracted from images converted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) approach and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with another set of features extracted by the CNN using the same images as input. We applied the proposed method to classification tasks for seven major paper brands available in the Korean market, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. The results confirm the applicability of this method for visually inspecting paper products and demonstrate its potential for assisting in solving criminal cases involving document forgery.     

对笔迹检验中的心理分析

语言的重要属性之一就是它的“心理性”。语言心理性的一个重要特征就是心理因素对语言的制约。文章通过对一份遗书检验过程中出现的差异点,运用心理分析的方法科学、合理解释的过程,揭示出人的言语与心理活动之间必然的内在联系,也为笔迹鉴定认定书写人提供了辅助依据。     

痕迹检验实验教学现状与对策

痕迹检验课是根据公安实战需要而为刑事侦查专业和刑事科学技术专业等开设的公安业务主干课程,其显著特点是实践性强.文章通过调查研究,对我国各公安院校痕迹检验课实验教学的现状进行了剖析,并从实验教学内容设计、实验教学的教学形式及组织实施等方面,提出了解决问题的对策.     

Evaluation of GLOCK 9 mm Firing Pin Aperture Shear Mark Individuality Based On 1,632 Different Pistols by Traditional Pattern Matching and IBIS Pattern Recognition

Over a period of 21 years, a number of fired GLOCK cartridge cases have been evaluated. A total of 1632 GLOCK firearms were used to generate a sample of the same size. Our research hypothesis was that no cartridge cases fired from different 9‐mm semiautomatic GLOCK pistols would be mistaken as coming from the same gun. Using optical comparison microscopy, two separate experiments were carried out to test this hypothesis. A subsample of 617 test‐fired cases were subjected to algorithmic comparison by the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS). The second experiment subjected the full set of 1632 cases to manual comparisons using traditional pattern matching. None of the cartridge cases were “matched” by either of these two experiments. Using these empirical findings, an established Bayesian probability model was used to estimate the chance that a 9‐mm cartridge case, fired from a GLOCK, could be mistaken as coming from the same firearm when in fact it did not (i.e., the random match probability).     

Determination of the sequence of intersecting lines using Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope

The aim of this study was to verify that the combination of focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX) could be applied to determine the sequence of line crossings. The samples were transferred into FIB/SEM for FIB milling and an imaging operation. EDX was able to explore the chemical components and the corresponding elemental distribution in the intersection. The technique was successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections produced using gel pens and red sealing ink with highest success rate (100% correctness). These observations show that the FIB/SEM was the appropriate instrument for an overall examination of document.     

How Much Can a Forensic Laboratory Do to Discriminate Questioned Ink Entries?

Questioned document examiners are frequently required to determine whether the questioned ink entries on a document are written with the same ink, either for forged document identification or relative ink dating. How many methods are sufficient to discriminate potentially different inks? In this paper, 18 blue ballpoint inks were first nondestructively examined with a video spectral comparator. The ink entries were subsequently extracted with organic solvents for analysis of the volatile solvents and dyes by GC/MS, TLC, and LC‐MS/MS. The 18 ink samples were divided into 10, 9, 12, and 14 categories by these four methods, respectively. With the combined results, there were only two inks that remained indistinguishable, but they were further differentiated by microscopy. Therefore, to achieve effective discrimination of ballpoint ink entries, the authors suggest that a complete examination should include an analysis of their optical features, volatile solvents, and dyes as well as the ink quality.     

246例高坠案件中坠落高度与损伤分析

目的对高坠案件进行统计分析,为相关鉴定研究提供参考。方法收集上海市浦东地区最近十年来记录有坠落距离的246例高坠案件,对人体损伤的特点进行比较分析。结果自杀高坠的高度显著高于意外高坠的高度(25.70m:13.98m);所有高坠中,头部损伤概率较高(75.2%),颈部损伤概率较低(6.5%);意外高坠的头部损伤概率高于自杀组(89.4%:75.2%)。结论意外高坠的死者比自杀高坠的死者更缺乏四肢对于头部的保护;过低的颈部损伤发现率提示国内法医工作者应该更加重视在高坠案件中的对于颈部损伤的检查。