Comparison of three collection methods for the sodium rhodizonate detection of gunshot residues on hands

The aim of this study was to compare three gunshot residue (GSR) collection methods used in conjunction with chemographic detection applied by different regional Swiss police services. The specimens were collected from the hands of a shooter with either filter paper (Filter method) or adhesive foil. The adhesive foil was then either applied against photographic paper during visualisation (AF Photo method) or coated with a layer of polyvinyl alcohol (AF PVAL method). The experiments involved two conditions of the examined hands, i.e. dry and humidified. The residues were revealed using the sodium rhodizonate test (SRT). Preliminary tests assessing the possibility of conducting a confirmatory Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis after the chemographic test were performed on a number of specimens by cutting positive spots and mounting them on stubs. Obtained results were compared in terms of effectiveness - number of positive spots, time requirements, quality of subsequent SEM-EDX analysis, ease of use and cost.The Filter method generally yielded a high-quality detection with both dry and humidified hands, as well as a simple, quick and efficient confirmation by SEM/EDX. The AF Photo performed well on dry hands, but not on humidified hands. The AF PVAL method performance was lower compared to the other methods in both examined conditions of the hands. The SEM/EDX analysis showed that the Filter and AF PVAL method provided satisfactory results when a sufficient carbon coating thickness was applied to the cuttings. It was also observed that the thinner the PVAL layer, the better the quality of the spectra and obtained images in SEM/EDX. Furthermore, the surface of the photographic paper did not seem to be conductive, even after the application of a thick layer of carbon.In conclusion, the Filter method gave the best overall results, but its application required slightly more time and expertise than the two other methods.     

The influence of sense of coherence,self-care and work satisfaction on secondary traumatic stress and burnout among child and youth residential care workers in Switzerland

The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic and secondary traumatic stress as well as burnout symptoms among child and youth welfare workers in residential care in Switzerland and to assess the predictive value of sense of coherence, self-care, and job satisfaction. A sample of 319 child welfare professionals in Swiss child and youth residential care was assessed using questionnaires that addressed sense of coherence, perceived collective efficacy, self-care, and work satisfaction, as well as symptoms of traumatic stress and burnout. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of sense of coherence, self-care and job satisfaction on symptoms of burnout and traumatic stress. Enhancing sense of coherence, work-related self-care and work satisfaction could reduce stress symptoms and increase the well-being of child and youth welfare staff. The authors discuss how child and youth residential care institutions could improve these factors among their staff.     

国外劳动力市场分割研究的方向及其特点

劳动力市场分割理论产生于上世纪70年代,是劳动经济学的一个重要分支。这一理论从劳动力市场制度特征及结构特征的角度来研究劳动力市场的运行,主张劳动力市场分割是导致贫困、歧视及不平等的重要原因。20世纪80年代以来,西方学者对劳动力市场分割进行了大量的实证研究。同时,这一研究也逐渐从发达国家转移到发展中国家。本文着重介绍了劳动力市场分割研究的层面,并对全国劳动力市场分割研究的现状进行了总结。     

不断完善公共服务供给新模式——以公私合作制在广东省惠州市中小学校教育设施建设中的应用为例

在广东省惠州市,公私合作制体现为小区开发商建设型、名校连锁投资型、公私合资建设型和私人投资民办型等四种模式,它在满足惠州中小学校教育需求、促进其多元化发展、减少财政压力等方面取得成效的同时,由于私营部门的逐利性、政府部门监管无力、建设标准不完善等原因所使,其在应用中又出现了教育设施质量差、私人部门不履约、教育不公平等问题。为此,应在强化政府监督、完善教育标准体系建设、健全公私合作的激励和约束机制、建立健全公众表达渠道等方面下工夫,不断完善中小学校教育设施公私合作机制。     

羊脑多头蚴的超微结构观察

为观察羊脑多头蚴的超微结构,寻找自然感染羊脑多头蚴的病羊,采集多头带绦虫续绦期幼虫,固定于25mL/L戊二醛中,分别取其头节、囊壁、颈部区,超薄切片后进行透射电镜观察。结果表明,羊脑多头蚴的囊壁结构具有微毛,远离头节的囊壁微毛与头节附近颈部区囊壁的微毛分布情况不同;囊壁可明显分为皮层、间质层、实质区;在实质区可观察到皮层细胞、实质细胞、成石灰小体细胞、焰细胞、成肌细胞以及排泄系统结构;头节中可观察到很发达的肌纤维结构,头节内部有类似于囊壁的皮层结构,并可见粗大微毛,细胞种类明显少于囊壁实质区,含颗粒的囊泡结构明显增多。证明羊脑多头蚴囊壁的结构和细胞种类与其他绦虫相似,但有比较发达的排泄系统;头节外表面无皮层结构,仅有呈环状围绕的纤维和囊泡结构。     

试论电子货币及其在我国的发展

本文在对电子货币产生的背景、属性、作用进行概述的基础上 ,分析电子货币在我国的发展现状 ,揭示我国电子货币发展过程中存在的一些问题 ,提出当前我国电子货币发展过程中应采取的措施     

Integration in Kibbutz Day Schools

Summary

Since the 1970s, many kibbutz educational systems have moved from schools solely for one kibbutz to regional schools. Regional schools put the kibbutzim goal of maintaining their own uniqueness in tension with their need and desire to integrate with and contribute to Israeli society. Consolidation required attention to the differing educational abilities and capacities of diverse students and redefining community in heterogeneous, regional terms. These have benefited participating kibbutzim and, based on traditional strengths of kibbutz education, these regional schools have contributed principles of non-selective (inclusive) education, community and classroom values education, and acceptance of difference in others. Integration in regional schools requires schools to adapt to the diversity of the region but also to the uniqueness of participating communities.     

Établissements d’enseignement et de santé confessionnels,espace public et agency à Ouagadougou (1987–2010)

Abstract

In response to the significant urbanisation and the demographic expansion of Ouagadougou, the Catholic Church and Islamic associations are diversifying their operations, which were already significant in terms of health and education at the end of the 1980s. This social engagement is at the heart of humanitarian, proselytising, socio-economic and political challenges and influences the position of these actors in the public space. This article intends to contribute to consideration of the relations between these religious actors and the State in Burkina Faso with the aim of analysing the sectors of secondary teaching and health in Ouagadougou. It will be demonstrated that the operations of these actors (Muslim and Catholic) made their legitimacy evolve differently in the public space from 1987 to 2010. The Catholic actors have had a greater influence than the Muslims on the decisions of the State. Subsequent to the challenges and the political context, the capacity of agency (capacity to act) of the actors of the two denominations has modified.     

公共采购体制中的“次级政策”——兼论GPA例外规则

公共采购既是经济行为,又是行政性行为。通过公共采购寻求宏观调控和社会政策的实施,在经济全球化过程中并没有被各国政府放弃。《政府采购协定》在规制公共采购国际市场规则的同时,也为各国实现社会政策目标预留了空间,我国在加入GPA的谈判中应充分利用这一空间。     

“It Is Better to Do Business in Africa than in Europe” – Socio-Economic Positionings among Business-Minded European Somalis Moving to Kenya

Abstract

Using the example of European Somalis moving to Kenya, this article argues that although these middle class return migrants share many similarities, they also differ in significant ways. Focusing on economically independent migrants, this paper will show that their move to Kenya is both return and onward migration at the same time. The transnational socio-economic positioning of Somali returnees in Kenya, this article demonstrates, rests on the importance of legal capital for enabling transnational mobility, which in turn is relevant for the convertibility of capital in the various local settings in which migrants settle.