Detecting Gunshot Residue from Sellier & Bellot Nontox Heavy Metal‐free Primer by in situ Cathodoluminescence

Gunshot residue (GSR) from the discharge of ammunition can provide crucial information in reconstructing criminal cases. Traditional primers create particles of heavy metals such as lead, barium, and antimony. In forensic laboratories, automatic inorganic particle detection is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using the backscattered electron signal to search for bright residues among the many darker environmental particles, due to higher electron density of the former. Some innovative primers, indicated as heavy metal‐free (HMF), produce a residue of elements with atomic numbers below 21, urgently demanding new detecting solutions. For the first time, residues from Sellier & Bellot Nontox HMF primer are demonstrated to emit visible light under electron beam stimulation in a SEM. Cathodoluminescence is then proposed as a promising tool to both detect and characterize residues in forensic cases involving HMF primers, with minor changes to traditional analytical apparatus used for inorganic GSR analysis.     

论非传统商标的显著性认定：价值立场与论证框架

注册非传统商标的门槛因开放式的商标定义而降低。保护非传统商标带来的行政与司法的制度成本不容忽视,其中最需厘清的是显著性判定标准。我国商标法实践中存在“独创性”“驰名商标知名度”等不恰当的理论借用,及“商标与商品关系的远近”等欠缺精度的细化规则,尚未形成统一、合理的论证框架;司法审判中权衡多主体法益的思考方式之缺位,催生了对非传统商标的强保护倾向。一个更周延的论证框架是:首先应排除所属行业的通用选择;其后要求申请人履行“第二含义”的证明责任;最后根据有关消费者认知的证据,对显著性进行认定。     

性侵幼女犯罪相关问题探析

与世界主要国家对性侵未成年人犯罪的处罚相比，嫖宿幼女罪的刑罚不轻。嫖宿幼女罪没有否定幼女性“自愿”的无效性，没有把幼女称为卖淫女，不存在道德歧视和二次伤害问题。嫖宿幼女罪体现了我国刑法对幼女性权利的格外保护，废除嫖宿幼女罪的根据不成立。     

“Bribery with Chinese characteristics” and the use of guanxi to obtain admission to prestigious secondary schools in urban China

Some scholars have attempted to find ways to distinguish guanxi from bribery, which can be difficult due to the role played by four traditional Chinese concepts and practices. First, people value the renqing ethic more than law, making it hard to judge whether a relation has “improper inducements.” Second, some interaction rituals used in bribery guanxi are a type of moral performance, undertaken to justify immoral practice – this mixes together guanxi practice with bribery. Third, some of the “ganqing” (affection) and esteem expressed in bribery guanxi results from this moral performance, rather than from genuine affection and esteem. Fourth, some people try to embody their relationship as an enduring guanxi, rather than one-off bribery, which exacerbates the difficulty in distinguishing guanxi from bribery. Because of the moralizing culture and the custom of mixing together renqinq and bribery, it can be difficult to distinguish bribery from guanxi by attempting to judge whether an action is purely based on esteem or coercion, on an enduring relationship or a one-off exchange, on improper inducement or proper conduct, or other such formal distinctions.     

以人本管理为核心的学生管理新模式探析——以中专生特殊群体为视角

人本管理以＂人＂作为管理活动的核心和组织最重要的资源,中专生特殊群体是中职院校中的重要资源,这个群体能否健康发展关系到学校的发展和个人的全面解放。以人本管理为核心的中专生管理新模式以促进人的全面解放为根本目的,适应了现代中职院校教育管理的新理念。践行这种管理新模式须从提升教育公平理念、创新中专生特殊群体的思想政治教育载体、建立＂一人一本＂分类型群体档案、加强心理辅导和就业指导的个性化等途径进行积极的策略构建。     

XPS法在交通事故微量物证鉴定中的应用

把x射线光电子能谱分析法应用到微量物证学中,对车体痕迹的同一性认定进行分析,从而为交通事故的鉴定,特别是疑难的重特大事故的鉴定提供一个新的思路和一种新的技术。     

关于加强哈尔滨市中小学校园文化建设的对策研究

校园文化是学校教育的重要组成部分,良好的校园文化能引导、鼓舞和激励学生,起到提高学生综合素质的作用。2006年5月,教育部颁发《关于大力加强中小学校园文化建设的通知》后,各地都在不断探索和完善中小学校园文化建设。几年来,我市也非常重视中小学校园文化建设,一些做法得到省市有关领导的肯定,但一些问题也不能忽视。针对问题提出解决措施:一是提高认识,切实加强领导;二是丰富载体,服务校园文化建设;三是开展活动,增强校园文化建设活力;四是多措并举,挖掘学校文化特色;五是努力创新,增强校园文化建设的时代性。     

Identification and comparison of electrical tapes using instrumental and statistical techniques: I. Microscopic surface texture and elemental composition

Comparisons of polyvinyl chloride electrical tape typically rely upon evaluating class characteristics such as physical dimensions, surface texture, and chemical composition. Given the various techniques that are available for this purpose, a comprehensive study has been undertaken to establish an optimal analytical scheme for electrical tape comparisons. Of equal importance is the development of a quantitative means for sample discrimination. In this study, 67 rolls of black electrical tape representing 34 different nominal brands were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Differences in surface roughness, calendering marks, and filler particle size were readily apparent, including between some rolls of the same nominal brand. The relative amounts of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, lead, chlorine, antimony, calcium, titanium, and zinc varied greatly between brands and, in some cases, could be linked to the year of manufacture. For the first time, quantitative differentiation of electrical tapes was achieved through multivariate statistical techniques, with 36 classes identified within the sample population. A single-blind study was also completed where questioned tape samples were correctly associated with known exemplars. Finally, two case studies are presented where tape recovered from an improvised explosive device is compared with tape recovered from a suspect.     

Interpretation of automotive light bulb examination results: an intriguing case

During the examination of light bulbs from a vehicle involved in a road accident, the headlights did not reveal any evidence regarding whether they were energized or not. Additionally, a police officer turned the lights on after the accident to verify their functioning, thus damaging some of the evidence. By examining the vehicle, it was determined that the park lights could provide answers regarding the conditions of the headlights. After observations, it was concluded that the park lights and headlights were off at the time of the impact. This case report demonstrates how important it is to integrate the circumstances surrounding the case into the interpretation of the results. Nevertheless, it also demonstrates the necessity for examining both the vehicle and all light bulbs in order to reach the most pertinent and proper conclusion.     

中高职衔接背景下自招高职学生英语教学探索

中高职衔接是现代职业教育体系的重要组成部分,通过自主招生考试或对口高考成功提升为高职生的自招高职生的英语基础与普专生存在很大差距。因而,有必要根据自招高职生的现状和需求,调整教学内容、改进教学方法、改变教学评价,为其量身定做英语课程,以尽快扭转现状,让他们对英语感兴趣,在学习英语的过程中更多地感知语言学习的乐趣,在愉快的状态下提高英语水平,真正实现岗位能力和综合素质的"高职化",为今后可持续发展打下坚实基础。