见危不救犯罪化之合理性质疑

“见危不救”的含义应当被限定在一个恰当范围内。只有不负特定救助职责或义务的人在能够救助、且救助行为不会给自己或者第三人造成危险的情况下的不予救助行为，才是应该讨论的对象。见危不救应否犯罪化的实质，是一定的道德义务能否成为不作为犯罪的作为义务来源。外国刑法中虽有对“见危不救”科处刑罚的例证，但在我国刑法中设立“见危不救罪”，不仅有道德根基不稳之虞，也违背动用刑法的“不得已”原则，对其科处刑罚不可能有效遏制此类行为的继续发生或蔓延。     

毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液免疫功能的变化

将180只14日龄雏鸡随机分为毒害艾美球虫(Eimeria necatrix)初次感染组、二次感染组和对照组,应用免疫SPA菌体花环、间接ELISA及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)测定法对相关免疫学指标进行了检测,以研究毒害艾美球虫二次感染对雏鸡外周血液免疫功能变化的影响。结果显示,毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液T、B淋巴细胞数量及其对ConA或PMA的增殖反应和血清IgG、IgM、IgA免疫球蛋白含量均不同程度地高于未感染毒害艾美球虫的对照组雏鸡。证实毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均明显提高。     

刑事二审“发回重审”制度之重构

我国刑事二审中的发回重审具有极大的不确定性 ,且有扩大化的趋势 ,不仅容易导致循环审判 ,造成诉讼效率的下降 ,也忽视了对有关当事人尤其是被告人的权利救济 ,更难以彻底实现刑事二审程序的目的。革除刑事二审发回重审制度弊端的重点在于 ,规范、限制发回重审的适用 ,并对相关的诉讼程序和司法制度进行改造。     

Sex,Gender, Multidimensional Value Space,and Social Cultural Resistance—Afrocentrism

This article examines the applicability of the theory of multidimensional value space by Lynn A. Curtis and the theory of social cultural resistance—Afrocentrism by Daniel E. Georges-Abeyie for explaining so-called Black crime and Black juvenile delinquency in general and Black female crime and Black female juvenile delinquency in particular. It notes that the increase in so-called Black crime and Black juvenile delinquency in general and Black female crime and Black female juvenile delinquency in particular may be illusion, not fact. This article notes that perception, at times illusion, may have, and frequently does have, real outcomes, including criminal justice outcomes and delinquency outcomes. It notes that the so-called Black racial monolith is a fiction that race and ethnicity are distinct entities, as are sex and gender that the so-called Black racial monolith consists of distinct Black ethnic identities. The article notes that Black crime, female and male, and adult and juvenile delinquency may be manifestations of primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, and dyssocial psychopathy, as noted in the theory of social cultural resistance—Afrocentrism.     

Secondary Victimization of Crime Victims by Criminal Proceedings

It is conceivable that criminal proceedings cause psychological harm to the crime victims involved, that is, cause secondary victimization. To investigate this hypothesis, negative and positive effects of criminal proceedings were investigated, as perceived by 137 victims of violent crimes who were involved in trials several years previously. Trial outcome and procedure variables were measured as potential causes of secondary victimization. Results show a high proportion of victims reporting overall negative effects. Powerful predictors were outcome satisfaction and procedural justice, but not subjective punishment severity, interactional justice, and psychological stress by criminal proceedings. The practical implications of the results pertain to whether victims should be advised to report the crime to the police or not, and to appropriate prevention and intervention measures of secondary victimization by criminal proceedings.     

试论宋代信用票据市场的构成

宋代 ,在商品经济发展的影响下 ,产生了信用票据市场。这种信用票据市场由发售市场、流通市场和兑现市场构成。由于特殊的经济关系 ,各类信用票据市场都承担着不同的经济职能。归根结蒂 ,它们所发挥的一项最根本职能便是支撑信用票据的运行。同时 ,信用票据市场的产生和运行 ,标志着宋代商品经济达到了一个较高水平     

ANTICIPATING INVASION: MILITARY TRAINING IN TAIWAN’S HIGH SCHOOLS, 1953–1960

Abstract

When the Guomindang retreated to Taiwan in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek and party leaders feared an imminent Communist invasion. Lacking soldiers in the reserve army, Chiang turned to high school and college students to recruit and train for the armed forces. In 1953, the Ministry of National Defense Political Department implemented mandatory military training in all senior high schools on the island and soon began educating and dispatching military instructors (jiaoguan), both male and female, to gender-segregated schools. Boys received basic infantry training (such as target shooting) while studying GMD revolutionary and military history. Meanwhile, girls participated in similar exercises but also acquired nursing skills. As a result, compulsory military training became a powerful force in Taiwanese high schools throughout the 1950s, preventing student protests against the government and successfully mobilizing male and female youth under an increasingly militarized GMD state.     

An innovative transfer DNA experimental design and qPCR assay: Protocol and pilot study

Forensic “touch” DNA samples are low-quantity samples that are recovered from surfaces that have been touched by single or multiple individuals. These samples can include DNA from primary contributors who directly touched the surface, as well as secondary contributors whose DNA was transferred to the surface through an intermediary. It is difficult to determine the type of transfer, or how often and under what conditions DNA transfer occurs. In this paper, we present an innovative protocol that combines (1) a paired male and female transfer DNA experimental design in which the presence of male DNA indicates secondary transfer and (2) a cost-effective quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay of a sex-specific region in the Amelogenin gene to detect male and female DNA. We evaluate the ability of the Amelogenin qPCR assay to detect low concentrations of male and female DNA in mixed samples. We also test experimental DNA samples using our transfer DNA protocol to differentiate primary and secondary DNA transfer. Male DNA was detected in the majority of known mixed samples, even in samples with 4× more female DNA—this result demonstrates the ability to detect low concentrations of male DNA and the presence of secondary transfer DNA in our experimental design. Primary DNA transfer was detected in 100% of our experimental trials and secondary DNA transfer was detected in 37.5% of trials. Our innovative protocol mimics realistic case scenarios to establish rates of primary and secondary DNA transfer in an inexpensive and simplified manner.     

论第三次分配与社会工作者的责任

在国民收入分配领域里,存在一个两难问题,即“效率和公平”问题,如何做到效率优先又兼顾公平,这就需要通过三次分配来解决。在我国目前社会主义市场经济条件下,第一次分配是由市场机制来进行,主要是保证“效率优先”。公平问题由第二次分配来解决,即由政府主导的,通过税收和财政支出所进行的社会保障来进行。但由于种种原因,第二次分配还存在许多不足之处,这就需要第三次分配来加以补充。第三次分配主要是由社会工作者来做的事业,做好它是社会工作者义不容辞的责任。