我国电子垃圾污染防治立法初探

目前我国电子垃圾污染日益严重,而有关防治电子垃圾污染的立法还不够完善。应制定相关法律法规,建立系统性电子垃圾回收处理及利用法律体系,完善生产者延伸责任制度,并加强对电子垃圾进口的法律规制。     

Clarifying the characteristics of youth who have engaged in appetitive violence

Appetitive violence is a form of proactive violence; its purpose is to generate or maintain a positive emotional state and, possibly, to strengthen social bonds. Portrayals of an increasing frequency of youth acts of appetitive violence have contributed to a perception that aggressive delinquents are callous and predatory. However, the characteristics of these youth and the nature of their violent behaviour have not been elucidated. This study compared demographic and psychological characteristics of 143 young violent offenders according to whether or not they had a history of appetitive violence. It was hypothesised that youth with a history of appetitive violence would score higher on a measure of psychopathy and that their violence would be perpetrated within the context of a group assault. Results revealed that acts of appetitive violence were perpetrated exclusively by males and were more likely to occur when co-offenders were present. Psychopathy did not differentiate the youth. These results suggest that appetitive violence perpetrated by young offenders is the product of social factors rather than individual psychopathology.     

Blame attribution and guilt feelings in violent offenders

Offenders with high psychopathic traits and/or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are hypothesised to experience less guilt and less responsibility for their actions than offenders without these problems. These hypotheses were tested and partly substantiated. The study investigates blame attributions and guilt feeling using Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory–Revised (GBAI-R) for 177 young male violent offenders. GBAI scores were compared to ASPD and psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Results showed that individuals with ASPD and those with higher degrees of psychopathy tended to report significantly less guilt and higher degree of mental control than other subjects. Another finding was a weak relationship between ASPD, high scores on psychopathic traits and external attribution. We suggest these results might be explained by admitting poor mental control may be extra difficult for individuals belonging to either of these groups and that the external attribution items do not separate causal from moral responsibility.     

实施以中为重 创建和谐社会

“中”是协调、化解两头之间矛盾的重要关节点,以中为重对于维护群众利益、促进社会公平、创建社会主义和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。在我国现阶段,实施以中为重的发展战略,主要表现为促进中部地区崛起、提高中等收入者比重、发展中等教育、应用中间技术等四大方面。     

公共服务供给主体选择的悖论及其消解策略

古典经济学在深入论证公共服务市场供给无效性的基础上,将政府视为唯一的当然主体。然而,市场之手失灵并不意味着政府这只看得见的手必然有效。事实上,政府垄断型供给模式会引发诸如公共服务的超量供给、效率低下、质量低劣、有效供给不足等一系列制度性缺陷,由此形成了公共服务供给主体选择的悖论。为了寻求破解悖论的密码,需要摆脱在政府或市场两极间进行选择的惯性思维逻辑,借鉴新公共管理、治理理论等分析工具,构建我国公共服务的一主多元型供给新模式。这一模式势必需要我国政府实现从直接生产者的单一角色向动态兼任生产者、安排者和培育者的“多面人”角色转换。     

猪水泡病病毒结构蛋白基因的克隆及其蛋白二级结构和淋巴细胞表位的预测

以免疫信息学和反向疫苗学为理论根据,利用RT-PCR法获得了猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)HK/70株的基因组序列并测序,应用生物信息学相关软件和方法,对SVDV结构蛋白的二级结构的不同方面及其抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位进行了预测,综合评价了SVDV结构蛋白的抗原特异性细胞表位,并计算出一些潜在的抗原位点。结果表明,VP1蛋白含有的细胞优势抗原表位最多,但其他结构蛋白也含有抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位,有的甚至有可能成为优势抗原表位或对优势抗原表位有协同作用。     

中专生自信心与家庭教养方式的关系研究

当代独生子女的家庭越来越多,家庭的教养方式对于青少年的成长,特别是对中专生的自信心的培养有着重要的内在关系。积极的家庭教养方式如情感温暖理解有利于青少年自信心的培养,而消极的教养方式如惩罚严厉、拒绝否认等不利于青少年自信心的建立。     

艾维茵商品肉用鸡白细胞介素-2基因的克隆及其二级结构分析

根据Sundick等发表的鸡白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )基因序列设计一对特异性引物 ,从伴刀豆球蛋白A (ConA)体外激活的脾淋巴细胞中提取mRNA ,通过RT PCR方法获得艾维茵商品肉用鸡IL 2cDNA基因。将其连接到测序载体 pGEM TEasyVector ,测序后用Pcgene和DNAstar软件分析。结果显示 ,艾维茵商品肉用鸡IL 2基因长 734bp ,编码一由 14 3个氨基酸组成的前体蛋白 ,与来自GenBank的另外 3个品系 (Kestrelleghorn ,Obese和SC)鸡IL 2比较 ,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性为 98.9%～ 10 0 %和 97.2 %～ 10 0 %。二级结构预测表明 ,艾维茵商品肉用鸡IL 2N端存在一条由 2 2个氨基酸组成的前导肽及 4个半胱氨酸形成的链内二硫键 ,并存在类似人IL 2的 4个α螺旋 ,这些结构很可能在维持IL 2生物学活性中发挥重要作用。基因系统进化树分析表明 ,艾维茵商品肉用鸡与SC鸡IL 2的亲缘关系较近 ,与火鸡、Kestrelleghorn和Obese鸡IL 2的亲缘关系较远。