言说娜拉与娜拉言说——论五四新女性的叙事与性别

娜拉--新女性形象上男性精英知识分子在面临着各种压力之时想像与设计民族国家以及男性主体的主要符码,言说娜拉成为五四男性精英知识分子重要的文学议题;现代女作家--现实中娜拉的自我言说是精英女性知识分子建构女性主体和探索人生意义的重要途径.女作家的创作表现了对各种既定规范的突围、颠覆,同时也昭示了在内外压力之下,现代知识女性对女性自我主体构想无奈的修改与放弃.中国现代男女作家对新女性的叙述既呼应又对照,他者叙述与自我陈述形成了潜在的对话与抗衡,共同描绘与设计着娜拉--中国现代知识女性的天涯路程.     

民族村寨文化的复兴历程——以云南石林月湖村撒尼文化变迁为例

改革开放以来的20余年,是少数民族村寨文化受到现代化冲击最为迅猛的时期,民族村寨文化在这一时期先后经历了两次大规模的复兴与重构。20世纪80年代发生的是族群内部自下而上的自发性文化复兴,90年代至今仍在继续的则是“他者”介入后自上而下的引导性文化建构。从本质上看,这两次村寨文化复兴都是民族文化持有者对现代性语境下的族群身份、文化归属、自我认同等所进行的努力与追求。     

村民自治制度中的农村妇女参与

农村妇女参与的实现与扩大不仅有赖于政权的现代化,有赖于政党的制度安排,同时也有赖于传统性别文化的破除与妇女群众主体参与意识的培养.为此,必须赋予农村妇女以真实的和个体的主体性,建构一个"横向"的妇女力量整合机制,使农村妇女能够参与到党和国家的政治体系中,建立起国家与农村妇女的纵向联系.同时农村妇联组织在代表女性整体利益的政治沟通过程中也必须注重整合分散的妇女权力资源,通过不断地自我更新实现农村妇女参与的草根化发展走向.     

Deictic use as a threshold for imaginative thinking: a Peircean perspective

This investigation traces the ontogeny of the use of “I” and how its symbolic use promotes imaginative thinking. Peirce's triadic system is contrasted with Vygotsky's binary system to highlight the import of Thirdness in characterizing the ontogeny of person deictics within conversational roles. Person deictics, such as “I”, are first indexes. Later when their social function/meaning is apprehended, they serve as symbols as well; still later they are used psychologically in self to self monologues, and acquire distinctive interpretants when used unconventionally. Early indexical uses of “I” are non-symbolic – “I” referring to self only absent recognition of conversational roles. “I” is employed symbolically when its referent shifts and when its invariant meaning (speaker) is apprehended. Person deictics enhance the emergence of imagination when the symbolic use transcends their inter-psychological regulation through human to human conversation to their intra-psychological function in self to self discourse. Extension of functional roles (speaker/listener) to dolls/puppets (in representational play scenarios) constitutes an extended use of the symbolic function because inanimates cannot assume conversational roles; and such use triggers the association of different interpretants to the category of deictic use. The symbolic use of “I” as speaker facilitates apprehension of self as object, which is a major determinant of when in ontogeny children extend the use of person deictics from Dynamic to Final interpretants.     

Contemporary Psychoanalysis and Critical Theory: A New Synthesis

ABSTRACT

Critical Theory and contemporary psychoanalytic perspectives share many compatibilities in offering a constructive critique of society. Psychoanalysis teaches us that whatever values and ideals societies adopt, they are always mediated through unconscious psychic processes that condition the collective in both positive and negative ways, and in terms of relations of recognition and patterns of social justice. Contemporary critical theory may benefit from engaging post-classical and current trends in psychoanalytic thought that have direct bearing on the ways we conceive of and observe how individuals operate within social collectives. In particular, Axel Honneth relies on psychoanalytic sources that are dated. Critical theory would profit from engaging post-object relations schools such as self psychology, analytical psychology, psychoanalytic intersubjectivity theory, relationality, and contemporary attachment theory that are more nuanced yet can supplement Winnicottian perspectives. Implications for contemporary theory need to reflect upon how the psychosocial matrix of self and society both facilitate and hinder optimal social arrangements and fabrics of justice as it takes up the question of normativity. It is within this context that I hope to introduce contemporary psychoanalytic paradigms that move beyond classical models yet complement redirecting shifts in emphasis both psychoanalysis and Critical Theory attempt to accomplish. I suggest that an applied psychoanalytic explication on social phenomenology can expand the interpretive depth and breadth of human relations and open up a permissible space for interdisciplinary discourse. Here new vistas emerge for a proposed synthesis between the two schools of thought.     

时尚消费观的心理学解读:自我与社会

时尚消费观是指大众为获得自我认同与社会认同而产生的对他人消费行为追随与模仿的价值取向.首先,本文回顾了从社会学、传播学、符号学以及伦理学角度关于时尚消费观的相关研究;其次,本文从心理学的角度提出了时尚消费观的自我与社会形成机理:个体化促使消费者通过时尚消费构建、表达、提升自我,从而满足消费者自我认同,形成了时尚消费的内部动力,而社会化过程则促使消费者接纳他人的信息影响与规范影响,从而满足消费者社会认同,构成了实现时尚消费的外部推力;本文最后指出,个体的时尚消费观最终会反作用于社会文化,只有树立健康的消费观念,以一种重存在方式体验商品价值,才能创建良好的社会风尚.     

寻找伦理存在的自我——《培尔·金特》中的理性意志与伦理选择

易卜生的诗剧《培尔·金特》是一则关于斯芬克斯因子的不同组合与变化的寓言,展示了理性意志、自由意志和非理性意志之间的伦理冲突.培尔的“白日梦”是其兽性因子的表达与彰显,培尔的“出行”是对伦理责任的逃逸和规避,是其理性意志处于蒙昧状态、非理性意志肆意膨胀的体现;培尔的“归家”是其理性意识得到提升,克服非理性意志,摆脱兽性因子,向人性因子靠拢的选择,最终成为与兽相区别的、伦理的存在.本文紧扣“白日梦”“出行”“归家”三条伦理主线,通过逐一解构伦理选择、伦理身份、伦理意识等若干伦理结,来试图剖析易卜生蕴含在作品深处的道德旨趣:在受到道德指引、遵守道德准则的情况下,人的理性意志就会增强,人性因子得以彰显,人会成为一种伦理的存在;如果缺乏伦理意识,违背道德准则,缺乏道德指引,人的非理性意志就会占据上风,兽性因子就会失控,人就会误入歧途,实施伦理犯罪,引发伦理混乱.     

马克思博士论文中的自由思想探析

马克思的博士论文为我们建构了一个自由的体系,是一篇自由的宣言。自由具有偶然性之维,只有打破必然性命运的束缚,人才能获得自由。自由的基本因素是人的自我意识,自我意识就是人的能动性之所在。马克思追求的自由是定在之中的自由,也就是现实性的自由。这种自由通过世界的哲学化和哲学的世界化来实现。     

ANALYZING SELF‐ORGANIZED LOCAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES: ARE THERE INSIGHTS FOR DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS?

In spite of the great enthusiasm and arguments supporting decentralization in Africa, its performance has frequently fallen well below expectations. However, a number of self‐initiated, local governance efforts have been quite successful. The article finds that all governance initiatives face a number of collective action problems that they must overcome to succeed. These include issues of collective choice, free riding, principal–agency, and constitutional design. The article explores two cases of locally initiated self‐governance initiatives where smaller population size, the ability to focus on only a few services, and the ability flexibly to redesign their institutions were important in their success in overcoming these governance challenges. In one case, challenge by and negotiation with formal governance institutions furthered their success. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Barack Obama vs Bristol Palin: why the President’s sex education policy wins

The federal government has exponentially increased funding for abstinence‐only sex education over the last few decades, a position supported by former vice‐presidential candidate Sarah Palin’s daughter Bristol. Unfortunately, empirical research indicates that abstinence‐only education is ineffective and may have negative consequences for adolescents. Despite encouragement of abstinence, adolescents continue to engage in sexual relationships, indicating that a different approach to sex education should be supported. This situation raises a number of justice issues because it is important for the government to fund sex education curricula that instruct adolescents on how to protect themselves from pregnancy and STDs. The majority of parents also disagree with the federal funding of abstinence‐only education and support more comprehensive education. This indicates that funding abstinence‐only education is diametrically opposed to community sentiment. Federal funding of abstinence‐only sex education is also problematic as such policies violate a number of adolescents’ constitutional rights. Therefore, the federal government must revise its current sex education policies. President Obama’s proposed plan has the potential to overcome many of these issues associated with abstinence‐only education.