History writing and nation building in post-independence Tajikistan

Since the end of the Tajik civil war in 1997, the Tajik authorities have being seeking to instill a new national consciousness. Here the educational system plays a crucial role, not least the way history is taught. Through a state-approved history curriculum, the authorities offer a common understanding of the past that is intended to strengthen the (imagined) community of the present. In this article, we examine the set of history textbooks currently used in Tajik schools and compare them with Soviet textbooks, exploring continuities and changes in the understanding of the Tajik nation. We distinguish between changes in the perception of the national “self” and the new “other,” the Uzbeks, and introduce two intermediary categories: the Soviet/Russian heritage as an “external self” and Islam as an “internal other.” The main battle for the further delimitation of the Tajik “self” is likely to take place within the discursive gray zone between the two latter categories, where the authorities will have to find a balance between a continued secular state ideology and the heavy presence of Islam, as well as between a Soviet past and a Tajik present.     

Current legal approaches to international Terrorism

Abstract

Most difficulties in achieving international cooperation to suppress “terrorism” reflect failures to take account of the way authority is distributed in the international legal order. Attempts to narrow or abolish the “political offense,” exception to extradition treaties, are seen as either futile or self‐defeating for both political and legal reasons. Five other approaches are analyzed and promise is seen in three of them. The fourth, resting on the extension of national jurisdiction in disregard of the limits inherent in the international legal order, is seen as the one most attractive to the United States, Germany, and Iran, but the one most likely to lead to unmanageable political complications. The fifth, relating to an “international criminal court,” is seen as most attractive to lawyers who would like to rule the world, but is inconsistent with both law and reality. A plea is made to statesmen and lawyers to examine the other three more closely.     

高校辅导员自我效能感调节与职业倦怠关系研究

自我效能感的原理是借助个体自我调节,能够积极地转变现状的理论.提升辅导员自我效能感,是清除和缓解辅导员职业倦怠的有效策略.文章通过对高校辅导员自我效能感同职业倦怠相互关系的探讨,由自我效能的角度阐述了高校辅导员职业倦怠现象的成因,同时提出了克服职业倦怠的相应对策.     

边境地区群体性事件中警察自我防范技术研究

我国边境地区群体性事件具有自身的特征,针对这些特征,由生物、电子和物理三类技术构成的防范技术体系,适用于警察在应对和处置边境群体性事件过程中对人、物和环境的自我防范,在技术体系的具体应用过程中要重视＂理念体系＂的作用,在技术培养训练过程中要明确影响警察自我防范技术水平层次提高的因素类型,着力提高应对和处置边境地区群体性事件中警察自我防范技术和水平。     

马克思历史唯物主义实践观及其中国化进程

马克思使辩证法走向历史的深处,以实践观更新了以往哲学家观察历史和现实的方式,指出社会存在决定社会意识。历史唯物主义对中国知识界的思想启蒙,更新了中国人的政治观念,形成了百余年来中国社会发展的生动图景。改革开放为中国社会发展提供了新的历史契机,形成了灵活运用历史唯物主义的实践自觉。推动改革进一步走向深入,必须深入研究历史唯物主义实践观及其中国化进程,形成与当今中国经济和政治发展相适应的文化气象,这是推动中国改革的实际需要,也是在新的时代条件下实现中国梦的必由之路。     

论公安民警的身体健康及自我保健

一个时期以来,公安民警积劳成疾、英年早逝的事例时有发生,令人痛心。各地调查发现,公安民警身体健康状况不容乐观,已给我们敲响警钟。造成公安民警身体健康出现问题特别是出现积劳成疾的原因很复杂,其中不健康的生活方式和观念是“头号杀手”。健康是生命的基础,健康水平决定生命的质量。作为公安民警自身来说,要改善健康状况,提高生命质量,提升战斗力,必须构建健康的生活方式。     

在通向自我认同的途中——中国现当代女性写作的主体性变迁

五四至新时期女性写作中的主体性变迁呈现为自我发现、自我失落、自我寻找和自我建构的认同过程,这表明女性写作中的自我认同是一个连贯性和永恒性的命题,是对外在奴役的挣脱和主体自由的寻求,其意义在于自我行动的动力过程.     

自我选择与人的自由阈限

选择的实质是自我自由的表现,选择体现着自我的自由,而自我存在则支托着自我自由的选择.因此,客观存在以及自我的责任、信念、诚实、互助表征着自我选择的实存.然而,这种自我选择中的自由并不是无任何阈限的,选择总会受到自我自由度的限制.但是,作为自我的自由权利只能受到限制而从根本上是无法剥夺的,否则,自我存在就成为虚无.自我选择无非就是自我存在的不断充实,它体现了自我存在的人生价值和意义.     

A neoliberalisation of civil society? Self-help groups and the labouring class poor in rural South India

This paper notes the prominence of self-help groups (SHGs) within current anti-poverty policy in India, and analyses the impacts of government- and NGO-backed SHGs in rural North Karnataka. It argues that self-help groups represent a partial neoliberalisation of civil society in that they address poverty through low-cost methods that do not challenge the existing distribution of power and resources between the dominant class and the labouring class poor. It finds that intra-group savings and loans and external loans/subsidies can provide marginal economic and political gains for members of the dominant class and those members of the labouring classes whose insecure employment patterns currently provide above poverty line consumption levels, but provide neither material nor political gains for the labouring class poor. Target-oriented SHG catalysts are inattentive to how the social relations of production reproduce poverty and tend to overlook class relations and socio-economic and political differentiation within and outside of groups, which are subject to interference by dominant class local politicians and landowners.     

爱因斯坦对人类命运的忧虑

爱因斯坦终生为人类命运而忧虑,认为社会充满了危机,并分析了科学技术、人的本性同时代危机的关系.爱因斯坦认为,科学技术的悲剧就是科学家的悲剧,主要表现在科学技术的破坏力量是科学家研究发明出来的,而科学家却没有能力阻止用技术力量来作恶.爱因斯坦认为"作恶"的冲动来源于"人的兽性本能",若不加以约束,就会形成物欲主义;在"物欲主义占优势的时代",就会出现利己主义的统治.利己主义在经济生活中造成了种种悲惨后果,在国际关系中导致种种冲突.冲突的深层根源主要是利害冲突.因而,只有用理性来取代原始本性,才能实现人类自我的解放、时代危机的化解.爱因斯坦的这种对人类命运的忧虑是留给后代的重要精神遗产.