HE染色涂片上精子DNA的提取与HLA-DQa基因扩增分型

本文对ＨＥ染色涂片上精子ＤＮＡ的提取、ＰＣＲ扩增分型的可行性与可靠性进行了研究。２０张ＨＥ染色涂片的实验结果表明：ＨＥ染色涂片上的精子是可以被回收并提取到ＤＮＡ进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＱａ基因的ＰＣＲ扩增分型的，其分型结果准确可靠。这说明精子的ＨＥ染色涂片也是进行ＤＮＡ分析的一种很好的检材来源。     

权利保障视野下的秘密侦查竞技化析评

秘密侦查指的是侦查机关采取隐瞒身份、目的、手段的方法,在犯罪嫌疑人不知晓的情况下,发现犯罪线索,收集犯罪证据,乃至抓捕犯罪嫌疑人的活动。秘密侦查的困境在于启动陷于随意、武装不能平等、裁判难以中立、程序无法公开、侦查行为的违法性和求真的悖论。现代司法的核心在于竞技,司法决斗便是此核心的集中体现。而秘密侦查具有司法决斗中竞技的理性品质,合乎竞技的经验理性。秘密侦查的竞技化有利于其正当性和合理性的充分体现。秘密侦查竞技化的理性构想包括：厘清秘密侦查的两大类别——任意秘密侦查与强制秘密侦查;规范秘密侦查适用条件与原则;设计秘密侦查的概括程序和细节规制;评断秘密侦查行为过程及其结果。     

Developmental validation of the SPERM HY-LITER™ kit for the identification of human spermatozoa in forensic samples

Abstract: With sexual assault evidence, the visualization of spermatozoa confirms that ejaculation has occurred. However, microscopic examination of spermatozoa is a laborious process and can sometimes result in sperm cells being overlooked. Here, we present the developmental validation of the SPERM HY‐LITER? kit, which contains a human sperm–specific mouse monoclonal antibody coupled to a fluorescent Alexa 488 dye. The kit was tested using samples of human semen, saliva, blood, and urine, various animal semen extracts, sexual lubricants, and a commercially available spermicidal film. Postcoital vaginal swabs, degraded semen samples, and samples prepared with sample fixation techniques that deviated from the kit‐provided protocol were also tested. In each case, the SPERM HY‐LITER? kit was demonstrated to bind only to human sperm cell heads. Limitations to this fluorescent staining procedure include nonspecific staining and increased background fluorescence with extreme heat fixation in some samples.     

Increased hematocrit after applications of conducted energy weapons (including TASER(®) devices) to Sus scrofa

Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without intending to cause lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures in some cases. In laboratory animal models, central venous hematocrit has increased significantly after CEW exposure. Even limited applications (e.g., three 5-sec applications) resulted in statistically significant increases in hematocrit. Preexposure hematocrit was significantly higher in nonsurvivors versus survivors after more extreme CEW applications. The purpose of this technical note is to address specific questions that may be generated when examining these results. Comparisons among results of CEW applications, other electrical muscle stimulation, and exercise/voluntary muscle contraction are included. The anesthetized swine appears to be an acceptable animal model for studying changes in hematocrit and associated red blood cell changes. Potential detrimental effects of increased hematocrit, and considerations during law enforcement use, are discussed.     

苏联核工程初级阶段人才培养研究（1945-1955）

在1945-1955年的初级阶段,苏联核工程面临人才短缺的严重问题.高校成为苏联培养核人才的主要途径.苏联领导层运用高度集权的政治体制和高度集中的计划经济体制,在很短时间内就建立起以莫斯科大学为核心、由17所高校组成的人才培养体系,为苏联核工程输送了大量高级专业人才.除此之外,苏联还通过大专中专、函授教育、短期训练班等方式,为苏联核工程培养中级和基层技术力量.在起步阶段的十年时间里,苏联核工程人才培养体系得以建立,人才短缺的问题基本得到解决.     

Sexual assault,irresistible impulses,and forensic psychiatry in Sweden

After forensic psychiatry was firmly established in Sweden in the 1930s, many rapists and individuals charged with assaulting children underwent a forensic psychiatric examination. The physicians found that most of them had not been “in control” of their senses or not “in complete control” of their senses at the time of the crime. If the court ordered a forensic psychiatric examination, the defendant had a very good chance of either being discharged or having his sentence reduced considerably. By the 1950s psychological perspectives began to dominate in forensic psychiatry. In the forensic records of the 1950s we can notice a shift from a biomedical to a socio-psychological perspective, and crime was increasingly related to conditions that were not seen as mental derangement from a legal point of view. As a result, it became less and less common, from the 1950s onwards, for sentences to be commuted or defendants discharged.     

法学教育在文化中的反思

法律的根本在于理解。如何实现理解,怎样才算理解,这是法律追求“流动”过程的中心,反之会成为法律“凝滞”的动因。隐藏在法律理论与法律实践中的是政治社会和经验生活的不断重现,法律的内蕴应从地方化的语境中去理解,法律文化的核心在于地域社会人们的法律直觉和法律意识,法律教育不能桎梏于孤岛漂流,应在文化的海洋中找寻生命源泉。     

The Effect of Victim Attitudes and Behaviors on Sexual Assault Victimization Severity: An Examination of University Women

The current study investigates a number of theoretically relevant victim characteristics to determine their impact on sexual assault victimization severity. Ordinary least squares regression analysis of survey responses from a sample of 204 university women indicated significant relationships between many of the variables of interest and increases in victimization severity. In particular, risk-taking behavior, delayed victim response strategies to sexual risk, increased number of lifetime sexual partners, and more frequent exposure to pornographic media significantly correlated with increasingly more severe forms of sexual assault. Future research directions and policy implications are discussed.     

Psychological profile of sex offenders using weapons in their crimes

Abstract

A sample of 1533 sex offenders was examined for clinical characteristics associated with weapon use in their crimes. A total of 24.9% used weapons, most often knives (50.1%), with 13.6% using multiple weapons. Weapon-users were a very disturbed group, who showed a significantly higher prevalence than non-users of psychoses, suicide attempts, alcoholism, drug addiction and abuse, personality disorders, psychopathy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive impairment and violent criminal histories. The weapon-users recidivated more often than non-users and appeared in court on 8.7 separate occasions compared to 2.9 for non-users in an average follow-up of 21.5 years. The best predictors of weapon use were total violent offence convictions, sadism diagnoses and adult versus child victims. The importance of examining weapon use in assessing sex offenders is discussed.     

Differential predictors of intimate partner sexual coercion versus physical assault perpetration

ABSTRACT

The current study attempted to strengthen existing literature regarding predictors of perpetrating intimate partner sexual violence to determine if there are unique predictors of sexual violence that differentiate it from physical abuse. It was hypothesised that men’s controlling, dominant and jealousy behaviours, and verbal aggression would significantly predict increased intimate partner sexual coercion and physical assault perpetration. These predictors were expected to be more predictive of sexual coercion than physical assault perpetration. Couples were recruited from the community (N?=?159) in a cross-sectional study recruiting couples with a violent male partner. Results demonstrated that men’s controlling behaviour was a significant predictor of sexual coercion and physical assault perpetration and behavioural jealousy was a significant predictor of sexual coercion perpetration. No predictors studied better predicted sexual coercion more than physical assault perpetration. These findings suggest that sexual coercion may be another type of physical assault without unique predictors.