Parental Cultural Affiliation and Youth Mental Health Service Use

Studies indicate that African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Latino youth have higher rates of unmet mental health needs and lower rates of mental health service utilization compared to non-Hispanic White youth, suggesting that obstacles may exist in the help-seeking and service utilization pathway for minority youth. Parental cultural factors may significantly impact youth service use, and acculturation is one way to measure adherence to culture specific values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. In this study, parental acculturation level, conceptualized as cultural affinity to 1) mainstream American culture and 2) an alternative culture, were examined as potential mediators of the relationship between race/ethnicity and youth service use. The current subsample (n=1364) was drawn from the Patterns of Care study, a larger study of at-risk youth who were active to at least one of five public sectors of care. Our subsample included all youth aged 6–17 who were African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Latino, or Non-Hispanic Whites (66.6% male). The results indicate that parental acculturation level as measured by affinity to an Alternative Culture was a partial mediator in the relationship between race/ethnicity and mental health service use for Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino youth. Doctoral student in the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego CA, graduate research assistant, Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children’s Hospital, San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way (MC 5033), San Diego, CA 92123 Assistant Professor of Psychology, San Diego State University; Assistant Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Research Scientist, Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way (MC 5033), San Diego, CA 92123 Research Scientist, Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children’s Hospital, San Diego, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of San Diego; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way (MC 5033), San Diego, CA 92123 Research Professor of Psychiatry and Family and Community Medicine at the University of New Mexico, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego; Emeritus Professor of Sociology at San Diego State University; Senior Research Scientist at the Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children’s Hospital, San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way (MC 5033), San Diego, CA 92123     

我国公诉制度改革若干问题探讨

我国的公诉制度有必要通过正在进行的刑事诉讼法再修改实行以下三项重要改革：1. 在起诉程序中适用非法证据排除规则。检察机关应当尽可能使进入审判程序的证据具有证据能力。2. 建立附条件不起诉制度。建立此项制度有其理念、政策和现实根据。立法应当合理规定附条件不起诉的案件范围、考察期限。实行附条件不起诉应当与当事人和解、犯罪嫌疑人社会调查制度相结合,并建立有效的监督机制。3. 创建量刑建议制度。以与规范法院量刑程序相配套,有助于实现量刑公正和有效辩护,提高诉讼效率和公诉能力及水平。     

“从技术到制度”：我国量刑程序改革述论

中国的量刑程序改革需要"从技术到制度"逐步推进.具体而言第一,确立量刑听证,实现量刑的"司法化";第二,制定量刑指南,推进量刑的"精密化";第三,革新量刑技术,促进量刑的"现代化";第四,公开量刑过程及理由,保证量刑的"透明化".     

Factors Associated with the One-year Probation Outcome: A Self-report Study in Hong Kong

Why are some probationers able to comply with the sentence? Why do some fail to do so? In order to answer these questions, the article examines cross-sectional data collected from a selected group of Chinese offenders who were put on a one-year probation sentence in Hong Kong. It, in particular, aims at identifying the relative effects of four types of predictors, namely demographic, socio-economic, criminal history and probation intervention, on the probation outcome. For the purpose of this study, the probation outcome is the self-report data of the probationer at the end of the sentence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that self-reported reoffending was significantly related to peer involvement in criminal activities and triad association, a previous probation sentence, a urine test requirement and the offenders’ positive view of probation officers.     

恶势力特征的规范化研究

作为有组织犯罪在发展过程中的不同样态,恶势力与黑社会性质组织在特征上并无实质区别,当前危害性本质特征的教义学论证并不能提供有益方案,故而以上位概念“组织性”进行逻辑层次思考的起点,将二者“量”的标准引入到特征要素对组织严密性、稳定性的论证中.以此路径努力追求政治效果、社会效果和法律效果相统一的司法裁判结果,也希冀能够为...     

未成年人犯罪刑罚适用之价值选择及其实现

在少年司法中应当综合考虑公正与功利的价值目标,实现未成年人犯罪刑罚适用公正与功利二者最大程度的相统一。当两个法律价值相冲突时,在少年司法领域功利价值优先于公正价值是合理的选择。不同的刑罚价值观之下,刑罚适用的宽严也不相同,为防止法官自由裁量的任意性,需要以能动司法来平衡公正与功利的理念,区别对待强化量刑程序的方法来实现对少年的特殊保护,从形式正义走向实质正义。     

军警人员抢劫的法定刑适用问题新论

现行刑法在抢劫罪中规定了冒充军警人员抢劫为加重处罚情节,学界一边倒地认为,军警人员抢劫法益侵害性更大,要实现罪刑相适应就应升格其法定刑,并围绕于此形成了“立法论”和“解释论”。但其前提并不成立,从主观恶性、社会影响和抢劫罪特性只能得出冒充军警人员抢劫的法益侵害性大于军警人员抢劫的结论,现行立法符合罪刑相适应原则。立法并不完全是理论逻辑的演绎,更多是司法经验的类型化,量刑身份加重处罚不应当被泛化。     

论死刑案件中被害人过错的司法认定

被害人过错是多部刑事法律文件中规定的一个重要的量刑情节,但由于其并非法定量刑情节,作为酌定量刑情节缺乏统一的认定尺度,公检法对该情节的重视程度不够等原因导致司法实践中认定困难,且易导致量刑失衡。应将被害人过错作为法定量刑情节,在正确认定被害人过错存在的基础上,从其主观罪过、行为程度、侵害客体、对犯罪行为发生的原因力大小等角度予以细化考量影响被害人过错的因素,并通过数理化模型来分析被害人过错对犯罪行为发生的刺激作用,从而正确认定被害人过错对刑事责任的影响,体现罪责刑相适应的基本原则,贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,充分发挥刑罚的一般预防功能,实现罪刑相当。     

死刑案件量刑标准及量刑程序

死刑是最严厉的刑罚,因此确保死刑的正确及平等适用至关重要。但是除死刑复核之外,我国法律对死刑量刑的程序保障几乎没有规定。学界的探讨也集中在死刑复核的行政式审查及死刑案件的三审制等宏观层面。但很少讨论死刑判决的标准和适用该标准的量刑程序。文章通过讨论美国的死刑量刑程序及我国《上海法院量刑指南——总则（试行）》和《上海法院量刑指南——毒品犯罪之一》关于死刑量刑的规定,认为我国死刑量刑程序主要包括：定罪和量刑程序分离;综合分析加重处罚情节和减轻处罚情节;比例审查。     

徇私舞弊罪应当单独设立

徇私舞弊罪是指国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊,不履职或不正确履职,致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的行为。我国《刑法》虽然没有规定徇私舞弊罪,但规定了很多徇私舞弊型犯罪,这些犯罪既不同于滥用职权,又不是玩忽职守,而是一种新的犯罪行为。立法单独设立徇私舞弊罪,既符合法理,也有利于指导司法实践。