长江河道非法采砂刑事处罚的难题及解决简

河砂属于矿产资源，对严重的非法采砂行为予以刑事打击具有充分的法律及行政法规依据。定罪时必须严格依照犯罪构成要件，量刑时需分清各行为人在共同犯罪中所起的作用。行政执法机关在收集证据时要格外慎重，实体和程序都要符合法律及司法解释规定。目前长江河砂主管部门不能出具鉴定意见。但可以对专门性问题向司法机关提供检验报告。     

论坦白从宽的法定化

在侦查过程中，如何获得犯罪嫌疑人的如实供述一直是摆在侦查人员面前的一道难题。随着法治观念的逐渐深入，坦白从宽作为一项刑事政策，由于不具有法律的权威性，已遭到社会各界的普遍质疑。本文通过分析造成坦白从宽政策现今尴尬地位的原因，对比西方国家尤其是美国辩诉交易的成功之处，认为只有将坦白从宽法定化，才能使坦白从宽这一在我国有深厚历史传统的刑事政策重新焕发出新的活力。     

未成年人违法犯罪的量刑规范化研究

国内外司法界、学术界乃至立法机关在如何化解量刑不均衡问题上进行了大量的探索,国内要求量刑规范化改革的呼声越来越高,最高人民法院也已经出台了量刑规范化的试行文件。未成年人违法犯罪是近年来学术界和实务界一直关注的焦点,但有关量刑规范化的研究尚不深入,通过探讨未成年人违法犯罪的量刑规范化问题以期能够引起学界和实务界的重视。     

量刑建议的司法实践问题初探

“量刑规范化改革”是中央司法改革的重要内容，也是检察机关依法行使监督权的重要组成部分。近两年来，量刑建议工作在经历试点及全面推行两个阶段后，在实践中均发现各种问题。文章从控、辩、审三方面，探索司法实践中量刑建议工作的不足，并从检察工作视角提出完善建议。     

如何更好地维护被害人权益——以量刑程序为基点

被害人作为刑事诉讼的当事人,如何在量刑改革中更好地维护其合法权益是维护被害人主体地位的体现,而如何确保被害人适度有效地参与量刑程序更是在量刑改革中维护被害人权益的重中之重。被害人有权独立参与量刑程序,而有效参与依赖于量刑建议与量刑诉讼证明的规范。     

亲属相盗案件量刑不均问题研究--以1998年司法解释为视角

亲属相盗相关规范主要存在三个问题：第一,亲属相盗的相关概念界定不明；第二,1998年司法解释对有关亲属相盗问题的规定模糊；第三,对此类案件的量刑情节———亲属规定不完善。这些问题最终会导致亲属相盗案件量刑不均。为避免此结果,可采取以下措施：第一,重新界定亲属相盗案件的相关概念；第二,明确1998年《解释》的相关规定；第三,规范此类案件的量刑情节———亲属。     

检察机关量刑建议程序的基本构建

检察机关量刑建议程序,应从量刑建议的适用范围、制定、审批、提出,以及量刑建议监督与制约等方面来构建;量刑建议程序的完善,有利于检察机关更好地履行法律监督职能,有利于检察机关量刑建议改革的推进。     

量刑实体公正的影响因素研究

影响量刑实体公正的因素有刑罚的设置、刑事政策、法官自由裁量权等法律因素以及法官情感因素、民意、领导干预等法律外因素.上述因素以各自的方式影响着量刑的公正与否,因而,探究影响量刑实体公正的因素对采取相应措施保障量刑公正具有重大意义.     

REASSESSING TRENDS IN BLACK VIOLENT CRIME, 1980–2008: SORTING OUT THE “HISPANIC EFFECT” IN UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS ARRESTS,NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY OFFENDER ESTIMATES,AND U.S. PRISONER COUNTS*

Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.     

Prevention of sexual violence by those who have been sexually violent

This article argues that indeterminate sentencing is the optimal means of preventing recidivism among sex offenders, both as an instrumental matter and jurisprudentially. Once a person is convicted of an offense, the duration and nature of sentence should be based on a back-end decision made by experts in recidivism reduction, within broad ranges set by the legislature. This position is defended against a number of objections, including claims that such a system relies on flawed risk assessments, ignores societal views of justice, denigrates offenders and victims, undermines deterrence and norm enforcement, depends too heavily on costly, uneven and demoralizing risk management schemes, and, as a result of one or more of these objections, is unconstitutional.