Keeping children safe in nurseries: A focus on culture and context

Abstract

There have been few reported incidents of sexual abuse within nurseries until recently, when abuse has come to light as a result of investigations into online sexual offending. This paper uses information from serious case reviews to compare two of these incidents with a view to understanding the factors that might contribute to abuse taking place within nurseries. Information from the reviews points to the context and culture of the nursery environment being of key importance, particularly the degree to which relationships and the emotional health of the setting allow the offender to assume a position of power within the group. This has implications for the way in which nurseries are managed and regulated.     

Urban planning and mental health

Abstract

Both the product and the process of city planning have been shown to have an influence on mental health. This paper presents a model of the process through which community design characteristics influence mental health. The model emphasizes the importance of local social interaction and physical stimulation, as well as adjustment mechanisms used to dampen stress resulting from undesirable levels of interaction and stimulation. The research on the relationship between four community design characteristics and social interaction, stimulation and mental health is then reviewed. An argument for the importance of citizen participation is also presented, stressing the influence of participation on both sense of control and the development of social support. Commonly employed participation techniques, however, differ in their ability to affect support and control. Neighborhood council programs are identified as having the greatest potential for influencing sense of control and social support. Finally the obstacles to improving community design and specific recommendations for the prevention of environmentally induced mental health problems are presented.     

涉林渎职犯罪“情节特别严重”标准探究——从经济损失的角度入手

罪刑相适应原则是刑法的基本原则,然而在具体的制度中常常存在量化标准的缺位。在涉林渎职犯罪中,已经明确将以违法发放林木采伐许可证之外的其他方式作为的渎职犯罪,定性为滥用职权罪或玩忽职守罪,但对于该类犯罪"情节特别严重"等升格量刑的标准,仍存在立法和解释上的不足,导致量刑畸轻,同类犯罪易发、多发。量刑标准的确立应综合考虑行为的社会危害性、侵害法益的差异性、立法技术的统一性等多重因素,在此基础上可推之,涉林渎职犯罪"情节特别严重"的认定宜遵循现有司法解释对渎职犯罪升格量刑的一般规律,将其确立在立案标准的5倍以上为宜。     

我国民事诉讼中“严重违反法定程序”的识别与界定——基于1000份裁判文书的文本分析

司法实例统计表明,我国民事司法实务中"严重违反法定程序"的识别与认定存在混乱与无序,突出表现在法院界定"严重违反法定程序"的"非法定情形"时未遵循科学统一的识别标准,导致裁量权的滥用。作为例示规范的《民事诉讼法》第170条第1款第4项的失范是根本缘由,其择取的程序违法列举情形仅凸显违法程度的"严重性",未体现出发回重审程序违法应满足侵害当事人审级利益与存在续行言词辩论必要的特质,"严重违反法定程序"的概括事项也未因应发回重审程序违法事由的基本要义。为求得程序正当与程序安定的衡平,应当以程序规范的不同效力等级作为识别"严重违反法定程序"的标尺;仅当诉讼行为违背强行规范时,方可界定为"严重违反法定程序"。     

对中国经济改革的整体性反思

社会主义是一种新制度,沿着两条轨道运行,既要发展生产力,又要保持社会平等公正。经济改革是以社会主义市场经济为目标。市场经济在现阶段有利于生产力发展,同社会主义相互吸引,这是其积极面。市场经济会自发的扩大贫富差距,导致社会不平等不公正,同社会主义相互排斥,这是其消极面,也是改革中出现问题的根源。只看积极面,不看消极面,认为市场万能,是一种“市场拜物教”。今后改革的思路,就是从这种“市场拜物教”的精神枷锁下解放出来,提高驾驭市场经济的能力,利用其积极面,克服其消极面。     

我国当前党群关系的新特性、凸显问题及其和谐化

当前执政党与人民群众关系呈现出执政特性、地区差异性、利益关系失衡性、干部原因主导性等新特性;其凸显问题有党群关系目标指向出现偏差,党群之间的思想分离明显,党群矛盾主体日益多元,党群利益矛盾凸显和对抗性冲突增多,不同社会群体对党的认同分化并总体呈下降趋势等问题.解决这些突显问题需要树立马克思主义群众观,建立和完善利益关系协调机制,理顺权力间关系以及根本上解决腐败问题以不断提高群众对党和政府的认可.     

Sexual offenders with serious mental illness: prevention, risk, and clinical concerns

Individuals with serious and persistent mental illness who have also engaged in illegal sexual behavior present a unique challenge for our legal and clinical systems. Frequently, these individuals may engage in problematic sexual behaviors which result in hospitalization rather than incarceration, and an overburdened and resource-deficient public community mental health system is ill-equipped to address the seriousness of these sexual behaviors. We have a rather limited understanding of how prevention programs, intervention strategies, and risk assessment would work with this population. Here we evaluate data from a sample of 245 inpatient psychiatric sexual offenders in a forensic mental health setting and compare these with what information has already been presented in some of the literature. Through an examination of seriously mentally ill sexual offenders and their clinical presentation, legal history, and risk management concerns, we illustrate a variety of tertiary prevention needs. Future directions in the area of prevention and risk management for seriously mentally ill sexual offenders are also discussed.     

对危险驾驶罪若干问题的思考

2011年5月1日,《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》正式生效。其中危险驾驶罪与社会生活的联系最为紧密,在制定和实施过程中一直受到较高关注。而且,危险驾驶行为在司法实践中复杂多变,短时期内难以形成统一规范的执法标准。所以,在司法实践中不断总结完善,形成规范统一、科学合理的危险驾驶罪认定体系,显得尤为重要。     

Gendered Responses to Serious Strain: The Argument for a General Strain Theory of Deviance

This paper expands and builds on newer avenues in research on gender and general strain theory (GST). I accomplish this by focusing on serious strains that are relevant for males and females, including externalizing and internalizing forms of negative emotions, and including multiple gendered deviant outcomes. Using the Add Health dataset, I find strong support for the impact of serious strains on both types of negative emotions and different forms of deviance for males and females. However, the experience of serious strain, emotionally and behaviorally, is gendered. Depressive symptoms are particularly important for all types of deviance by females. Including multiple types of deviant outcomes offers a fuller understanding of both similarities and differences by gender. These results support the utility of GST as a theory of deviance in general and support greater connections between GST, feminist theorizing, and the sociology of mental health.     

签订、履行合同失职被骗罪若干争议问题研究

签订、履行合同失职被骗罪原本是一个普通的罪名,但是学界针对该罪的犯罪构成要件却是聚诉纷争,对该罪的犯罪构成要件的争议逐一进行分析,有利于推动对该罪的理论研究和司法实践中相关问题的解决。