我国现行刑事政策反思及完善--以维护社会稳定为切入点

我国的刑事政策是党和国家长期历史经验的总结 ,在社会主义革命和建设时期都曾发挥过重要的作用 ,但是 ,我国的刑事政策自身也存在着许多问题 ,需要进一步完善。刑事政策的制定应以维护社会的稳定为出发点 ,并以此对犯罪和犯罪人进行分类。面对日益严峻的社会治安状况 ,我国在今后较长时期内应采取“轻轻重重”的刑事政策。     

近代陕西烟毒的泛滥及影响

近代西方列强的入侵,对中国社会产生了深远的影响,远离沿海的陕西也未能例外,引发了严重的社会问题。特别是鸦片在陕的传入与蔓延,冲击了陕西地区传统的经济模式,加之军阀为敛财强迫民众种植鸦片,造成当地农业大幅减产,民族工业的发展遭到重创。同时,由于鸦片的泛滥,原本民风淳朴的陕西地区,社会风气急剧下降。民众吸食鸦片,危害了国民的身心健康。     

区分加重构成与量刑规则——罪量加重构成概念之提倡

法定刑升格条件确有区分加重构成与量刑规则的必要。不具备违法推定机能、不是故意认识内容的首要分子、作为报酬的违法所得等升格条件是典型的量刑规则;具备犯罪个别化、违法性推定与故意规制三大机能的时间地点、行为方式、加重结果等升格条件是典型的(罪体)加重构成要素;而多次、数额巨大等升格条件,仅表征违法程度、不体现行为类型变异,虽是故意的认识内容,却无法发挥犯罪个别化机能,既非典型的加重构成要素,也非典型的量刑规则,应属于罪量加重构成要素。罪量加重构成有行为规模类与结果程度类之分,结果程度类罪量加重构成是基于基本犯结果的危险性而加重刑罚的,当基本犯未遂时,即丧失加重之依据,不能论以加重犯的未遂犯。情节严重作为升格条件,则应当根据具体化的情节事实,依据上述标准判断各具体事项的归属。     

特别重大贿赂犯罪适用指定监视居住问题研究

根据新修订的《刑事诉讼法》第73条的规定,检察机关在查处涉嫌特别重大贿赂犯罪时,可以在侦查阶段对犯罪嫌疑人适用指定监视居住的强制措施.在肯定检察机关适用指定监视居住措施必要性的前提下,侦查机关在具体运用该措施时应当在坚持其适用原则的基础上,准确领会立法精神,重点把握指定监视居住的适用条件、适用场所、监督机制等问题,从而在司法实践中将该措施的良性效益发挥到最大.     

Simulations of child sexual abuse interviews using avatars paired with feedback improves interview quality

We tested whether simulated child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews with computer-generated child avatars could improve interview quality. Feedback was provided not only on question types, as in previous research, but also on whether the conclusions drawn by the interviewers were correct. Twenty-one psychology students (average age M = 24.5) interviewed four different avatars which had a simulated story of either abuse or non-abuse. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: one received feedback on question types and conclusions after each simulated interview and the other one did not receive any feedback. Avatars revealed pre-defined ‘memories’ as a function of algorithms formulated based on previous empirical research on children's suggestibility. The feedback group used more open-ended and fewer closed questions. They also made more correct conclusions and found more correct details in the last two interviews compared to the no-feedback group. Feedback on both the question types and conclusions in simulated CSA interviews with avatars can improve the quality of investigative interviews in only one hour. The implications for training practice were discussed.     

Youthful animal abuse and later problem behavior outcomes: findings from two generations

The objective of this study was to document the long-term relationship between youthful animal abuse and a variety of problem behavior outcomes later in life. Data were used from a national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study, which assessed families across 27 years from 1977 to 2004. The analytic sample consisted of 2538 individuals who were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression modeling that controlled for important demographic factors. Hypotheses were tested across two generations separately showing that a history of animal abuse does, indeed, predict later problem behaviors, including serious offending, marijuana use, other drug use, alcohol use, and deviant beliefs. Depending on the outcome examined, each model accounts for 5–34% of the variation in respondents’ problem behaviors. Within each model, animal abuse was often one of the strongest predictors. Implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions are discussed.     

"两极化"刑事政策下的刑罚制度改革设想

二战后,在两极化的现代刑事政策的推动下,西方各国相继进行了本国刑罚制度的两极化改革.当前我国由原来单一的重刑化刑事政策转变为宽严相济的刑事政策,刑罚制度改革也应与之相应:一方面,对于轻微犯罪,应轻缓其处罚力度,倡导人道主义的刑罚处遇方式;另一方面,对于严重犯罪,则要在严格限制适用范围的前提下,提高其刑罚的处罚力度.     

The Scope of Serious Crime and Preventive Justice

I first offer an account of serious crime that goes beyond victimizing crimes committed by individuals against other individuals. This approach extends the well-known framework offered by von Hirsch and Jareborg to include crimes undermining welfare-producing institutions. I then consider how the seriousness of crime justifies preventive measures, including the criminalization of acts preparatory to the commission of serious crime. I shall defend preventive measures, including highly intrusive ones, for the most serious crimes, such as terrorism in the form of mass killing, but I shall take issue with very expansive conceptions of serious crime that include what are intuitively much less serious offenses than terrorism or murder. In England and Wales, the Serious Crime Act (2007) lists relevant types of serious crime in its Schedule 1. This and other pieces of serious crime legislation in the UK are discussed critically.