侵犯商业秘密罪的实行行为探析

在侵犯商业秘密罪的实行行为中,构成"不正当手段"要求该行为在主观上违背权利人的意愿,客观上具有不正当性;披露的公开化程度不影响该罪的成立;在间接侵犯商业秘密的情况下,其"获取"和"使用"行为与直接侵犯商业秘密情况下的"获取"和"使用"行为存在着差异。     

Advanced Framework for Digital Forensic Technologies and Procedures*

Abstract: Recent trends in global networks are leading toward service‐oriented architectures and sensor networks. On one hand of the spectrum, this means deployment of services from numerous providers to form new service composites, and on the other hand this means emergence of Internet of things. Both these kinds belong to a plethora of realms and can be deployed in many ways, which will pose serious problems in cases of abuse. Consequently, both trends increase the need for new approaches to digital forensics that would furnish admissible evidence for litigation. Because technology alone is clearly not sufficient, it has to be adequately supported by appropriate investigative procedures, which have yet become a subject of an international consensus. This paper therefore provides appropriate a holistic framework to foster an internationally agreed upon approach in digital forensics along with necessary improvements. It is based on a top‐down approach, starting with legal, continuing with organizational, and ending with technical issues. More precisely, the paper presents a new architectural technological solution that addresses the core forensic principles at its roots. It deploys so‐called leveled message authentication codes and digital signatures to provide data integrity in a way that significantly eases forensic investigations into attacked systems in their operational state. Further, using a top‐down approach a conceptual framework for forensics readiness is given, which provides levels of abstraction and procedural guides embellished with a process model that allow investigators perform routine investigations, without becoming overwhelmed by low‐level details. As low‐level details should not be left out, the framework is further evaluated to include these details to allow organizations to configure their systems for proactive collection and preservation of potential digital evidence in a structured manner. The main reason behind this approach is to stimulate efforts on an internationally agreed “template legislation,” similarly to model law in the area of electronic commerce, which would enable harmonized national implementations in the area of digital forensics.     

群体性事件警务处置中“慎用强制措施”原则研究

慎用强制措施原则的提出背景是我国当前群体性事件频发。在群体性事件警务处置中,应当坚持慎用强制措施特别是慎用逮捕等限制人身自由的羁押措施。结合大多数西方国家的先进做法,在群体性事件处置中,应多采用取保候审、监视居住措施,逐步实现从＂羁押为主＂向＂保释为主羁押为辅＂的转变。同时,在群体性事件警务处置中,应当注意发挥调解、和解的功效,为群众提供一个正常表达利益诉求的渠道和社会冲突解决机制。     

公共政策视角下的城市土地利用规划

城市土地利用规划在决策过程中,规划价值主体、决策主体与实施主体间有着不同的利益诉求。要实现城市土地利用规划决策权力制衡,扩大和完善公民参与;通过制度加强规划决策过程中决策格局的协调与均衡;加强对政府部门和规划机构的监督,促进政府信息公开。     

我国基本医疗卫生服务改革的瓶颈与突破

社会保障权是每一个公民的基本权利。作为社会保障权利的一部分,为公民提供基本医疗卫生服务是政府职能的体现。党的十七大把＂人人享有基本医疗卫生服务＂确立为全面建设小康社会的重要目标之一。政府在基本医疗卫生服务中需要积极介入并承担起应有的责任。建国以来,我国医疗卫生改革主要经过了全能型政府主导的＂大卫生＂模式和＂市场化＂导向的基本医疗服务模式,但仍存在医疗资源配置不均、个人医疗费用上涨过快、不同群体享受的医疗保障待遇差距大等问题。因此,必须制定具有公益性和均等化特点的服务目标、构建多元化医疗卫生服务体系、创设具有均等化导向的财政制度,以促进政府更好地为人民群众提供基本医疗卫生服务。     

院前急救法律关系探究——患者拨打120后的法律关系分析

120急救中心与患者的关系在院前医疗法律关系研究中还处于一个相对薄弱的研究领域,理论界对其研究不够成熟,实务界也存在很多问题。关于两者法律关系的定位及120急救中心的性质、权利义务等问题尚待进一步确实。通过对120急救中心的性质分析,及其与患者之间的法律关系定位,以及医疗急救服务合同的内容的分析等方面阐述自己的一点看法。最后通过一点建议希望能对实务有所借鉴和启发。     

美国2009年《个人消费者金融保护署法案》及其对我国金融监管法制的启示

为应对金融危机,保护金融消费者利益,加强对金融机构的监管,预防金融系统性风险的发生,奥巴马政府酝酿对美国金融监管体系进行彻底改革,其改革方案的核心就是设立个人消费者金融保护署。对于金融监管法律存在诸多缺陷、金融消费者权利保障不到位以及没有构建应对系统性风险的我国金融法律制度来说,美国2009年《个人消费者金融保护署法案》在金融消费者权利保护及存在系统性风险金融产品及服务监管方面是一个可以借鉴的“他山之石”。     

土地使用权的物权法定位——《物权法》规定之评析

不动产物权是根植于特定社会的法律制度,土地使用权便是独具中国特色的不动产物权,它是我国土地物权化的制度工具,是公有制与市场经济接轨的纽带。土地使用权在某种意义上属于他物权范畴,但因与大陆法国家用益物权的社会基础或功能不同,它并非大陆法国家意义上的用益物权。在我国,土地使用权充当自物权的功能,土地使用权自身不仅可以转让、处分,而且还可以设定用益物权。《物权法》将各土地使用权放入用益物权编规范,不仅不能凸显土地使用权在我国不动产物权上的基础地位,而且不利于建立清晰的土地使用权体系和用益物权体系。在笔者看来,我国不动产物权应当分土地所有权、土地使用权和用益物权三个层次,除地役权外,《物权法》并未规定真正意义上的用益物权。     

完善我国公共服务建设对策刍议

改革开放以来,我国在建设公共服务体系,推动公共服务改革方面取得了很大成就,但仍然存在着公共服务的供给结构不平衡,对社会性公共服务投入不足,公共服务显失公平以及公共服务监管有待改善等问题。本文分析了公共服务体系存在的问题及成因,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策和建议。     

European national news

The regular article tracking developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications – co-ordinated by Herbert Smith LLP and contributed by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to complement the Journal's feature articles and briefing notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.