注重考试环节提高教学质量

考试是教学的重要环节,不同的学科、不同的课程有不同的特点。命题应严格遵循全面考核,突出重点,理论联系实际,注重考查学生的实务操作能力这一原则。在试题内容上,应难易适度;在阅卷方式上,应根据题型的不同采用不同的判分标准;在应试技巧上,应教导学生要懂、吃透基础知识,学会总结典型题型。同时应加强学生考前模拟训练。     

How (often) do voters change their consideration sets?

The consideration set model posits that in multi-party elections voters decide in two stages. We expect that in the consideration stage, when voters select viable options, ideological proximity is a key determinant, while in the choice stage election-specific factors become particularly important. This would imply that consideration sets are rather stable and that changes in voting preferences occur mainly within ideologically coherent consideration sets. This study examines both claims by analyzing panel survey data from Sweden and the Netherlands. Consideration sets were indeed rather stable, more so than voting intentions. After one year, voters still considered the same party in 81% of cases and only 13% of respondents shifted between ideological camps. This indicates that voters changed electoral preferences primarily within the boundaries of relatively stable consideration sets and ideological camps. These findings help to understand how elections can be volatile, despite the strong impact of highly stable ideological orientations.     

论我国刑法中各刑种实际刑度之间的不衔接及对策

各刑种实际刑度间的不衔接指的是无期徒刑和有期徒刑之间、死刑中的死缓与无期徒刑之间、死刑立即执行与死缓之间刑罚程度的不衔接。它是我国现行刑法的一个不足之处。刑种间实际刑度的不衔接破坏了刑罚结构的科学性。因此,根据罪刑相当的原则,重新设定各刑种的实际刑度,对于实现它们之间的衔接,以及完善刑法结构都具有重要意义。     

模糊数学理论在量刑中的应用

在模糊集合中,给定范围内元素对它的隶属关系不仅有“是”或“非”两种情况,更有中间过渡状态,用介于0和1之间的实数来表示隶属程度。刑法中的量刑情节具有模糊性,没有明确的外延,但却有着隶属度的不同。在量刑中引入模糊数学理论,利用隶属度函数将不同的量刑情节数值化,然后在量的基础上进行综合评估,有助于量刑的科学化。     

网络安全诊断的物元模型

基于可拓集合的基本原理提出了网络物元概念,通过网络行为关联函数建立了风险诊断模型和风险预警模型。文章指出,网络行为安全属性可以划分为安全属性、风险属性和威胁属性,并且这三种属性具有动态与演化特征。研究表明,可拓集与关联度分析是网络安全分析与控制的有效工具。     

对构建和谐健康的警察公共关系的思考

加强警察公共关系建设,是新时期提升和增强公安机关战斗力、影响力和行政管理效力的有效途径和必要手段。当前,影响我国公安机关警察公共关系健康发展的瓶颈突出表现在公关理念、机构设置和工作机制滞后。构建和谐健康的警察公共关系,应当从创新更新理念、整合公关机构、完善工作机制方面入手。     

外汇储备:幻觉、偏好与陷阱

发展中国家由于长期受制于外汇短缺,因而特别注重外汇储备的累积,过分看重外汇储备的作用,从而形成了"外汇储备幻觉"和"外汇储备偏好",进而落入"外汇储备陷阱".中国在这一方面的问题尤其突出,这需要从国内和国外两种渠道寻求有效的途径来加以解决.     

青少年网络保护的法律思考

网络是一把“双刃剑”,它在开拓青少年眼界,为他们提供丰富的信息资源和方便快捷的学习条件的同时,对青少年人格形成、学习成绩、行为方式等方面都将产生负面影响,因此,必须加强对青少年进行网络法律保护,这是法治社会的必然要求,是保证青少年健康成长,为青少年提供良好社会环境的重要手段。为此,应当加强立法,加大行政执法力度,对互联网信息服务提供者以及互联网上网服务营业场所进行法律管理,这样才能切实有效地减少网络对青少年的侵害和影响。     

共同抵押的设定

共同抵押是一种特殊的抵押制度,它对于融通资金、促进物尽其用、保障债权的实现发挥着极其重要的作用。本文以对共同抵押规则设计的研究为中心,在理论上对共同抵押制度作了分析,并从共同抵押合同、共同抵押的设定类型和共同抵押的公示三个方面对其进行了阐述。     

Insurance strategic considerations in coalition-oriented systems: A consideration set model approach

During a vote-decision process, citizens elect between some of the parties – not all of them. In this paper, we explore a potential strategic reason to include an additional alternative in the consideration set. Drawing on research from the field of strategic voting, we study incentives to defect to a party at risk of falling below an electoral threshold in order to elect a winning coalition (”insurance”). Our argument is that these types of strategic considerations occur already in the campaign, but do not always translate into choice. Using the so-called consideration set model approach (CSM), which focuses on how voters select fewer alternatives among a larger number of parties, we model vote choice over an election campaign using panel data from the Swedish National Election Studies of 2014. In line with our argument, we demonstrate that the insurance strategy was prevalent earlier in the decision-making process, when forming the consideration set.