中国-东盟自由贸易区争端解决机制之探讨--以比较研究为视角

建立行之有效的争端解决机制是区域经济组织有效运作的保证.本文通过对欧盟、北美自由贸易区、东盟自由贸易区三大区域性经济组织各具代表性的争端解决模式与中国-东盟自由贸易区的争端解决机制进行比较研究,探讨中国-东盟自由贸易区争端解决机制的性质、特点.     

发展中成员利用WTO争端解决机制的困境及能力建设

WTO争端解决机制对于有效解决成员间贸易争端、促进自由贸易进程起着重大的推动作用。然而,考察各成员参与WTO争端解决机制的实践后发现,占WTO成员大多数的发展中成员充分利用该机制的寥寥无几,而阻碍发展中成员利用该机制的原因在于发展中成员缺乏相应的能力,成员国内政府与私人产业之间的联系缺乏法律保障。发展中成员利用WTO争端解决机制能力建设的有效途径,是政府在其国内为私人产业创建一种正式的行政程序申诉制度。     

德国、法国医疗纠纷诉讼外解决机制及启示

德国和法国通过建立和完善医疗纠纷诉讼外解决机制,不但提高了纠纷解决的效率,减少了当事人纠纷解决成本,还有效地维护及修复了医患之间的信赖关系。目前,出于医疗纠纷的特殊性,包括我国在内的很多国家正在探讨如何构建和完善医疗纠纷诉讼外解决制度,德国和法国的经验给我国带来了有益的启示。     

Legal countermeasures for domestic violence: From the perspective of family law in China

Domestic violence, as its great harm to family members and family relationship, is one of the important issues to be tackled by family law. In this regard, China’s Marriage Law mainly adopts non-litigation measures, including dissuasion and curb of perpetrators, mediation for the parties concerned and imposition of administrative punishment. From the legal techniques in family resource sharing, the diversity of interests within a family, the complexity of family relationships and the privacy of family determine the non-antagonistic, nonlinear and non-proactive measures for adjusting family relationship. Further, in the principle of “family priority based on personal independence” and with the prerequisites of the prevention framework set up in the Marriage Law, it is suggested to make restrictive provisions on parental rights in protecting the minors, fully utilize the current civil mediation system to settle family disputes, and set up a system of “personal protection and behavioral correction.”     

论刑事和解视野中的犯罪客体价值——对误入歧途的刑事和解制度的批判

在目前国内有关刑事和解的理论研究和实务操作中,均存在着过度抬高被害人地位的问题,似乎只要被害人谅解犯罪嫌疑人,案件就可以无条件地适用刑事和解。而从本质上讲,犯罪嫌疑人和被害人之间的和解协议能否得到司法机关的认可并导致量刑上的从宽处理,既取决于被害人有无刑事实体处分权,也受到犯罪嫌疑人的人身危险性等因素的制约。因此,被害人的谅解并不是刑事和解的核心要素,应当重视犯罪客体在刑事和解中的价值,它决定着被害人刑事实体处分权的有无与刑事和解的适用范围。     

《劳动争议调解仲裁法》中劳动争议处理体制的适用问题研究

《劳动争议调解仲裁法》构建的劳动争议处理体制,应在适用过程中落实劳动争议调解多元化、社会化的立法意图,完善劳动争议裁审体制的分类处理机制,提高劳动争议仲裁的权威性与公信力,理顺劳动监察与劳动争议处理体制的关系。     

解析国际争端解决机制及其发展前景

对国际争端的不同认识直接影响着国际争端的解决方法,尤其在争端的分类方法中,颇受争议的是将国际争端分为政治争端和法律争端的观点,因为这种观点往往导出这样的结论,政治争端只能用政治手段来解决,法律争端只能用法律手段来解决,然而,国际法院在其判例中明确指出,根本就不存在政治问题的法律原则。事实上,所有的国际争端都含有政治因素,所以,不能在解决国际争端中将政治和法律简单地剥离开。面对现实中复杂多样的各种国际争端,国际社会,特别是一些地区正在积极探索把各种解决手段结合起来加以灵活运用的新型争端解决机制。     

论CEPA的性质、效力及其争议解决模式

自由贸易区是一种仅在区内成员之间实行自由贸易 ,而对成员与非成员之间的贸易无任何约束的松散型的区域经济组织。在“一国两制”框架内制定的CEPA ,其性质为一个主权国家内统辖不同单独关税领土的政府之间达成的自由贸易协议 ,但仍然具有国际法上的效力。由于中国内地与港澳特区同为WTO成员 ,CEPA的制定与实施因而应受到WTO规则的制约。有关CEPA的实施和解释的争议应在联合指导委员会的框架内通过双边协商机制解决的模式选择是从中国国情出发并且在权衡各种争议解决机制利弊的基础上作出的 ,如果另设其他机制 ,则与中国的最大利益相悖。     

民事诉讼模式的转换和我国诉讼和解制度的构建

我国正在进行的民事司法改革涉及民事诉讼模式由职权主义向当事人主义的转换和新的诉讼运行机制的确立。目前我国调审合一、法官主导的法院调解制度具有浓厚的职权主义色彩 ,不能适应社会经济发展的需要也不利于民事诉讼目的的实现。为此 ,有必要建立与当事人主义模式相适应的诉讼和解制度。     

Trade, Harmonization, and Domestic Autonomy in Environmental Policy

This article evaluates the environmental criticisms of free trade that have been such an important part of the critique of globalization. The first section briefly surveys the range of criticisms environmentalists have brought against the new economic order. The second section examines the available literature on the race to the bottom, one of the key concerns. The third section analyzes the World Trade Organization trade rules and how they have been interpreted by dispute resolution panels involving environmental issues. The fourth section turns to the specific rules of the North American Free Trade Agreement and examines several case studies of environmental issues in that region. The final section provides a summary evaluation of the environmental criticisms. The article argues that the environmental criticisms are exaggerated. Trade agreements leave far more room for domestic environmental measures than is frequently argued. The political globalization of the environmental movement has helped counter the threat to environmental policy created by the economic and trade aspects of globalization. Environmentalists do need to be careful about how they advance this critique of globalization, however, because their arguments risk becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.