发展中成员利用WTO争端解决机制的困境及能力建设

WTO争端解决机制对于有效解决成员间贸易争端、促进自由贸易进程起着重大的推动作用。然而,考察各成员参与WTO争端解决机制的实践后发现,占WTO成员大多数的发展中成员充分利用该机制的寥寥无几,而阻碍发展中成员利用该机制的原因在于发展中成员缺乏相应的能力,成员国内政府与私人产业之间的联系缺乏法律保障。发展中成员利用WTO争端解决机制能力建设的有效途径,是政府在其国内为私人产业创建一种正式的行政程序申诉制度。     

德国、法国医疗纠纷诉讼外解决机制及启示

德国和法国通过建立和完善医疗纠纷诉讼外解决机制,不但提高了纠纷解决的效率,减少了当事人纠纷解决成本,还有效地维护及修复了医患之间的信赖关系。目前,出于医疗纠纷的特殊性,包括我国在内的很多国家正在探讨如何构建和完善医疗纠纷诉讼外解决制度,德国和法国的经验给我国带来了有益的启示。     

Legal countermeasures for domestic violence: From the perspective of family law in China

Domestic violence, as its great harm to family members and family relationship, is one of the important issues to be tackled by family law. In this regard, China’s Marriage Law mainly adopts non-litigation measures, including dissuasion and curb of perpetrators, mediation for the parties concerned and imposition of administrative punishment. From the legal techniques in family resource sharing, the diversity of interests within a family, the complexity of family relationships and the privacy of family determine the non-antagonistic, nonlinear and non-proactive measures for adjusting family relationship. Further, in the principle of “family priority based on personal independence” and with the prerequisites of the prevention framework set up in the Marriage Law, it is suggested to make restrictive provisions on parental rights in protecting the minors, fully utilize the current civil mediation system to settle family disputes, and set up a system of “personal protection and behavioral correction.”     

Trade, Harmonization, and Domestic Autonomy in Environmental Policy

This article evaluates the environmental criticisms of free trade that have been such an important part of the critique of globalization. The first section briefly surveys the range of criticisms environmentalists have brought against the new economic order. The second section examines the available literature on the race to the bottom, one of the key concerns. The third section analyzes the World Trade Organization trade rules and how they have been interpreted by dispute resolution panels involving environmental issues. The fourth section turns to the specific rules of the North American Free Trade Agreement and examines several case studies of environmental issues in that region. The final section provides a summary evaluation of the environmental criticisms. The article argues that the environmental criticisms are exaggerated. Trade agreements leave far more room for domestic environmental measures than is frequently argued. The political globalization of the environmental movement has helped counter the threat to environmental policy created by the economic and trade aspects of globalization. Environmentalists do need to be careful about how they advance this critique of globalization, however, because their arguments risk becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.     

契约视角下的刑事和解

刑事和解是一种以协商为特征的纠纷解决方式,旨在被害人获得损害赔偿,犯罪人获得宽恕谅解,社会秩序得到恢复。刑事和解的本质是刑事法领域中的契约关系,鉴于刑事法的内在特性,需要对刑事和解进行理性定位和科学设计。     

构建依法化解群体性事件纠纷机制的思考[1]

群体性事件是在经济转型期各种社会矛盾相互碰撞集中爆发的外在形式,其主要分为因经济发展不平衡、政治诉求难以满足和经济利益冲突转化为政治诉求引发的群体性事件等三种类型。国际社会有着成熟的处置群体性纠纷的方法和经验,在借鉴相关经验的基础上,应当通过建立社会调解机制、新型社会组织参与机制和信访运行机制,探索构建我国群体性事件的纠纷解决机制。     

试论我国农村土地纠纷的现状及解决机制

农村因土地征收、耕地转包引发的纠纷,不仅影响到农村的社会稳定,而且已成为乡村治理的一大难题。针对错综复杂的农村土地纠纷,必须构建可行的纠纷解决机制,具体的对策就是在完善诉讼与调解制度的基础上,让诉讼与调解形成一种良性互动的关系,这是解决当前乡村社会治理难题的一个有效途径。     

民事诉讼模式的转换和我国诉讼和解制度的构建

我国正在进行的民事司法改革涉及民事诉讼模式由职权主义向当事人主义的转换和新的诉讼运行机制的确立。目前我国调审合一、法官主导的法院调解制度具有浓厚的职权主义色彩 ,不能适应社会经济发展的需要也不利于民事诉讼目的的实现。为此 ,有必要建立与当事人主义模式相适应的诉讼和解制度。     

论CEPA的性质、效力及其争议解决模式

自由贸易区是一种仅在区内成员之间实行自由贸易 ,而对成员与非成员之间的贸易无任何约束的松散型的区域经济组织。在“一国两制”框架内制定的CEPA ,其性质为一个主权国家内统辖不同单独关税领土的政府之间达成的自由贸易协议 ,但仍然具有国际法上的效力。由于中国内地与港澳特区同为WTO成员 ,CEPA的制定与实施因而应受到WTO规则的制约。有关CEPA的实施和解释的争议应在联合指导委员会的框架内通过双边协商机制解决的模式选择是从中国国情出发并且在权衡各种争议解决机制利弊的基础上作出的 ,如果另设其他机制 ,则与中国的最大利益相悖。