浅议中国--东盟投资争端解决机制的构建

文章立足于中国-东盟这一完全由发展中国家组成的自由贸易区的事实,以中国与东盟各国在双边投资协议中达成的共识为基础,同时借鉴现代双边、多边投资协议(包括东盟关于投资争议解决的已有规定)中关于投资争端解决的先进做法,提出中国-东盟投资争端解决机制构建的建议.     

WTO的争端解决机制与中国的应对措施

中国已经成为世界贸易组织的成员国,为了更好地融入这个多边贸易体制,我国应该积极地参与争端解决。本文旨在探讨世界贸易组织的争端解决机制以及我国应对争端解决机制的基本措施。     

试析民初商事公断的法律性质——基于非诉讼纠纷解决的视角

ADR概念来源于美国,原是对20世纪逐步发展起来的各种诉讼外纠纷解决方式的总称,现已引申为对世界各国普遍存在的、民事诉讼制度以外的非诉讼纠纷解决方式或机制的称谓,具有代替性、选择性的特点以及纠纷解决的基本功能。民国初期的商事公断集现代和传统于一身,兼具仲裁和调解的性质特点,任何一种单一的法律性质界定都显得单薄,不能涵盖其全部,而它的这种新旧杂糅的特点都可以纳入"非诉讼纠纷解决机制"这一"模糊"概念之中。     

论法院诉前证据保全制度——借鉴德国独立证据调查程序的思考

为了发挥法院诉前证据保全所具有的保全证据、确定事实关系、促成裁判外纷争解决以及促进将来诉讼和集中化审理的功能,我国将来《民事诉讼法》的修订应改变传统自提起诉讼始为纷争解决的思想,借鉴德国独立证据调查程序制度,通过完善相应的证据保全类型、适用要件、实施程序以及认可诉前保全过程中与解纷相关事项协议的效力等制度,对我国诉前证据保全制度进行功能性改造,凸显其独立的程序价值。     

浅议中央与地方纠纷之协商解决模式

构建中央与地方纠纷的协商解决模式具有极大的可行性,但是同时又面临着极大的理论和实践阻力。尤为要注意的是,学界将这种协商与政治协商作等同的倾向是存在误区的。同时,在法制化的语境中,在“协商之后的法制化”与“法制框架下的协商”之间也体现出了更多的外在制度区别与内在理念融合并存的特点。     

非政府组织介入WTO争端解决机制的实证分析及其利弊考量

WTO争端解决机制正式运作以来,许多非政府组织不断以向争端解决机构提交“法庭之友”陈述的方式介入到争端解决程序中来。一方面,非政府组织的介入可以提请法官注意到争端当事方可能忽略的法律、环保、人权等问题,提高裁决的质量并增强WTO的透明度;另一方面,这种介入也可能会给当事方造成额外的诉讼负担,影响裁决的效率等等。因此,如何在允许非政府组织以“法庭之友”身份介入争端解决机制的情况下做到公平与效率的平衡才是我们所要解决的根本问题。     

Third-Party Intermediaries and Negotiated Settlements, 1946–2000

Past studies regarding the success and/or failure of conflict management activities have brought about a wide range of results. In this paper we attempt to gain more definitive conclusions about effectiveness by accomplishing two tasks. First, using a basic theoretical framework we identify expectations of efficacy as they relate to differences between states, coalitions, and IGOs. Second, we also examine the utility of different conflict management techniques in an effort to place in greater perspective the effectiveness of mediation, the most utilized technique of third party intermediaries. Using a new dataset on third-party intermediary behavior in militarized disputes from 1946 to 2000, we find that while all conflict managers are useful in assisting belligerents in reaching a negotiated settlement, IGOs are the most effective. Additionally, while mediation is an effective technique to produce settlements, military intermediary actions, such as peacekeeping, are much more useful.     

External Intervention in Ethnic Conflict

Recently, ethnicity has received greater attention from international conflict scholars. This study explores a new aspect of how ethnic composition of states and the power of ethnic kin affect external state interventions in ethnic conflicts. Here it is hypothesized that states with dominant ethnic groups but still-significant ethnic minorities are expected to be more prone to intervention in ethnic conflict than states without one of these two characteristics. A new measure is proposed to capture such variation in ethnic composition more precisely. Looking at large-N panel data, it is found that ethnically fractionalized states with dominant ethnic groups are indeed the most likely to intervene in ethnic conflicts. Additionally, the power of the embattled ethnic kin minority, as determined by its settlement patterns in the host state, also increases the likelihood of intervention. Traditional variables like proximity and capability retain statistical significance. However, ethnic variables have the strongest effects on interventions in ethnic conflict.     

工会参与群体劳动争议处理的法律保障

群体劳动争议因其争议主体的集体性和组织性、争议内容的多元性和争议手段的集体对抗性而内在地需要工会作为劳方代表参与争议解决。然而,在行政主导的争议处理机制下,忽视了规范化的制度建设,工会的角色定位不明晰,再加上工会自身存在较大缺陷,集体劳动关系协调机制与群体劳动争议解决机制不衔接,造成了工会难以参与群体劳动争议处理的困境。因此,需要完善相关制度,确立三方机制的处理方式,明确工会在群体劳动争议处理中的法律地位,制定工会参与的具体形式、条件和程序,克服工会自身缺陷,构建群体劳动争议解决机制与集体劳动关系协调机制对接制度。     

改进现行劳动争议处理制度的思考与对策

针对社会转型期劳动争议的特点,改革现行“先裁后审”的单轨处理劳动争议体制,建立“或裁或审”的劳动争议双轨处理体制;审理劳动争议案件实施必要的举证责任倒置,以利于维护劳动者合法权益,促进用人单位严格依法履行劳动合同,预防和减少劳动争议案件的发生;借鉴香港的做法,建立快速处理个人劳动争议的劳动法庭等改进和完善处理制度的对策建议,以促进构建社会主义和谐社会。