关于马克思主义信仰客体的几个问题

马克思主义信仰客体包括理论客体、实践客体和模范客体。当前中国马克思主义信仰客体存在的问题主要表现在:理论客体的时空界限,引起人们对马克思主义信仰的困惑;实践客体的局部偏离,消解了人们对马克思主义的信仰;模范客体的部分腐败,消解了马克思主义信仰实践的榜样力量。当前我国马克思主义信仰客体应着重从理论客体的创新、实践客体的扬弃和模范客体的重塑三个方面来构建。     

From “Whores” to “Victims”: The Rise and Status of Sex Trafficking Courts

ABSTRACT

Views of people involved in the commercial sex trade have shifted. Once seen as prostitutes or “whores,” they are increasingly perceived as exploited “victims.” The behavior associated with commercial sex has been redefined from voluntary and disreputable to coerced and deserving of rescue. This new framework is part of a broader anti-trafficking movement in society to recognize and save vulnerable individuals who are exploited for sex. In this context, the model of problem-solving or specialty courts has been extended to sex trafficking cases. The goal first is to identify trafficking victims–also known as “victim-defendants”–and then to address their risk factors with services. The current review examines the prevalence and the effectiveness of sex trafficking courts. Although some promising evaluations have been conducted, it remains unclear whether such courts are addressing the unique needs of victim-defendants. Investigating this question is essential, given that trafficking courts are likely to grow in popularity and in number.     

Finkelhor's precondition model of child sexual abuse: A critique

Abstract

This paper critically discusses an extremely influential multi-factorial theory of child molestation, Finkelhor's Precondition Model. This model was one of the first comprehensive theories of the sexual abuse of children and represents a significant achievement. It provides a clear framework for approaching the study of men who have sexually abused children and has lead to both clear treatment goals and clinical innovations. It has rarely, however, been systematically critically examined and the cogency of its core constructs evaluated. Our analysis suggests that alongside its strengths, Finkelhor's Precondition Model has some conceptual problems. It suffers from vagueness; contains overlapping constructs; and a rich array of vulnerability factors that require teasing out and clarification. The model's attempts to provide a taxonomy highlight the diversity inherent in child sexual abuse, but it has not yet provided a structure to adequately inform treatment.     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Ibbetson A Historical Introduction to the Law of Obligations
Ripstein Equality, Responsibility and the Law
Rubio-Marin Immigration as a Democratic Challenge: Citizenship and Inclusion in Germany and the United States     

高校大学生性教育机制研究——社会工作视角下的“青春教育同伴行”实践反思

大学生性教育越来越受到高校的重视，虽然取得了一定的成效，但是其效果并不理想。“青春教育同伴行”的实践告诉我们：大学生性教育的现状不容乐观，仍存在着亟须解决的问题；“青春教育同伴行”实践体系创新了大学生性教育的模式。     

刑事诉讼制度改革的若干问题

1996年《刑事诉讼法》修改取得了一定的成绩,但仍遗留下一些问题,导致实践中大量违反法律程序的情况得不到根本的治理.在改革开放不断深入、对人权状况和司法改革日益关注的大背景下,我国将对《刑事诉讼法》进行再次修改,律师权益保障、强制措施、证人出庭、刑讯逼供、辩诉交易和刑事和解等问题将成为此次修改的主要方面.     

防治中小学教师对学生性侵犯的措施研究

教师,被称之为"人类灵魂的工程师",他的言行举止,会直接或间接地对学生的身心健康和成长产生重要的影响。然而,随着社会转型向纵深发展,社会文化和人们的价值观都趋向多元化,以及教师职业道德的逐渐滑坡,近年来有关教师体罚、残害,甚至强奸学生等问题屡屡见诸报端,中小学教师对学生的性侵害呈现逐年上升趋势。只有认真分析中小学教师对学生实施性侵害的特点与犯罪原因,才能对如何防治教师对学生的性侵害提出对策措施。     

不婚同居的法理学分析

不婚同居作为一种新的生活方式 ,已不可否认的冲击着我们的婚姻家庭生活 ,也挑战着现行的法律。本文就不婚同居及其相关的法律问题进行法律社会学的探讨和分析 ,认为不婚同居将可能成为一种人类两性关系的新形式 ,与婚姻形式并行不悖。因此 ,相关的法律制度的变革和两性关系新的法律制度建立和完善将成为婚姻家庭部门法的主要内容之一。     

Sex,Biological Functions and Social Norms: A Simple Constructivist Theory of Sex

Feminist theory needs a constructivist account of biological sex for at least two reasons. The first is that as long as female and male are the only two sexes that are taken for granted, being cisgender, heterosexual, and preferably a parent will be the norm, and being intersexed, transgender, bi- or homosexual, infertile or voluntarily childless will be deemed failure. The second is the fact that, usually, sex and gender come together in the way that is expected, i.e. the fact that most females are women and most males are men needs to be explained. This paper provides a constructivist theory of sex, which is that the sex categories depend on norms of reproduction. I argue that, because the sex categories are defined according to the two functions or causal roles in reproduction, and biological function is a teleological concept involving purposes, goals, and values, female and male are normative categories. As there are no norms or values in nature, normative categories are social constructions; hence, female and male are not natural but social categories. Once we understand that biological normativity is social, biological norms of heterosexuality, fertility, and so on are no longer incontestable. In addition, as many gender norms also concern reproduction—socially mediated reproduction—this simple theory of sex explains the common confluence of sex and gender.     

男孩偏好与性别失衡：一个基于需求视角的理论分析框架

出生性别比失衡是在生育转变过程中、具有男孩偏好的国家和地区不可避免的一个社会人口现象,反映出在特定的文化模式下,女性个体利益与家庭和群体利益的矛盾、错位和冲突。本文从需求视角出发,阐述了男孩偏好赖以生存的基础,提出了基于需求视角缓解男孩偏好的初步设想。文中指出,群体层面性别差异的固化,在一定程度上保证了个体层次的人身安全、保障安全、地位安全、自我价值实现。为此,缓解出生性别比失衡必须缓解主体对儿子的需求,从易到难,由表及里,层层剥蚀,集中攻坚：首先找到需求的薄弱环节,并利用性别敏感的替代模式和替代物品来满足主体多方面的需求;然后整合力量,有效动摇儿子需求的根基,缓解男孩偏好,最终达到降低出生性别比的目的。