当代大学生对女性角色期望的比较研究

对264份问卷，在探索性因子分析的基础上，应用独立样本 T 检验的方法，探讨不同性别大学生对女性角色期望差异的研究结果显示：（1）女性角色期望可分为工作角色期望和家庭角色期望两个构面；（2）男女大学生对女性工作角色期望和家庭角色期望存在显著差异；（3）男性对女性工作角色的期望值低于女性；（4）男性对女性家庭角色的期望值高于女性。     

一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案引发的思考

笔者通过对一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案件的评析,提出在卫生行政处罚案件的处理过程中涉及到多个行政执法部门、多部法律竞合的问题并阐述了自己的看法,旨在探讨通过部门联动、无缝隙的行刑对接,对各种形式的非法行医行为进行严厉的打击,维护法律的尊严。     

找寻失落的中华海洋文化——浅析纪录片《走向海洋》与《闽商》中不同视角下的海洋文化

21世纪是海洋的世纪,找回失落的中华海洋文化、更深地迈向海洋,是今人必须面对更亟待解决的课题。纪录片《走向海洋》与专题片《闽商》都用电视节目片的方式来阐释中华海洋文化以提升国人的海洋意识,但由于表现手法与视角等的不同,它们也体现出了海洋文化的不同方面。本文主要通过对这两个电视节目的分析来探讨电视媒体在提升国人海洋意识、建构中华海洋文化中的作用。     

Nonmetric sex determination from the distal and posterior humerus in black and white South Africans

The successful identification of human skeletal remains relies on proven diagnostic techniques for sex determination. This research utilized 608 individuals from South Africa (420 men, 188 women) to conduct a blind nonmetric determination of sex from three features of the distal humerus: olecranon fossa shape, angle of the medial epicondyle, and trochlear extension. A scoring system between males and females was implemented, and the aggregate score of the three features determined the estimated sex of the skeletal element in question. With all features combined, black and white South Africans were categorized successfully as either male or female 75.5% (77% accuracy rate for females, 74% accuracy rate for males). This classification rate is lower than what was found in previous studies, but suggests that characteristics of the distal humerus are still quite valuable when estimating skeletal sex. More research is needed to assess reasons for the differential expression of these traits in different populations and to determine whether the method is nonpopulation specific.     

Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population

Hands and feet are often recovered from the site of natural as well as man-made disasters because of bomb blasts, train accidents, plane crashes, or mass homicides. This study is intended to establish standards for determination of sex from the dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. The data for this study comprise 123 men and 123 women aged between 17 and 20 years from the "Rajput" population of Himachal Pradesh in North India. Four anthropometric measurements viz. hand length, hand breadth, foot length, and foot breadth have been taken on both sides of each subject following international anthropometric standards. The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the foot index (foot breadth/foot length × 100) were calculated. Sectioning points and regression models are derived for the hand and foot dimensions and the derived indices. The hand and foot dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination by sectioning point analysis when compared to hand and foot index. Of the hand and the foot dimensions, hand breadth and foot breadth showed better accuracy in sex determination. Hand index and foot index remain poor sex discriminators in the study.     

利用右侧髋骨正位DR片判定贵州成人性别

目的建：抗利用成人右侧髋骨数字X线摄影DR片判定性别的厅法,并评价其应用价值。方法收集203例贵州地区成人右侧髋骨正位DR片,根据髋骨骨骼标本测量方法,结合DR片特点,选定9项测量指标（MI～M9）进行测量,运用SPSS统计软件分析测量数据,进行正态性检验、厅差齐性检验、T检验及秩合检验。结果剔除不符合条件的2项指标（M1、M7）,建立7项指标单项、7项指标联合使川以及3项指标（M2、M4、M9）逐步分析的判别方程,各方程判别函数回顾性与交叉性考核结果：单项指标59．6％～93．6％,7项联合和逐步分析均为95．1％。结论本文建立的利用成人右侧髋骨DR片判定性别的方法判别准确率最高达95．1％,町存实践中选用,并为相关研究提供数据参考。     

Cone‐beam Computed Tomography for Analyzing Variations in Inferior Alveolar Canal Location in Adults in Relation to Age and Sex*

Abstract: Previous studies have indicated that the relative position of the inferior alveolar canal and its mental and mandibular foramina in adults vary with age and show sexual dimorphism. Conceivably, these purported differences could be of forensic value for determining identity of human remains. This study was designed to determine the influence of age and sex on the relative position of inferior alveolar canal and its foramina in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies of adults. Existing CBCT studies of the maxillofacial region from dentate adult patients selected at random and ranging in age from 18 to 80 years (110 women and 55 men) were acquired, and the location of the inferior alveolar canal was assessed at three points: the mandibular foramen in axial view, the inferior alveolar canal in coronal view, and the mental foramen in coronal view. Measurements were also expressed for the mental foramen as the percentile position from the nearest superior bony crest to the inferior border; corresponding position of the mandibular foramen from the anterior to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus; and for the inferior alveolar canal at the level of first permanent molar from the nearest buccal bony surface to the lingual surface and from the superior alveolar crest to the inferior border. Regression analyses were performed on the variables with regard to the effects of age and sex. Most analyses resulted in no statistical significance (p < 0.05). A few of the sex‐specific traits demonstrated near‐statistically significant effects; however, these characterizations generally resulted in a 1% or less change per age decade. Overall, the results demonstrated that the relative location of the inferior alveolar canal and associated foramina in adults remain fairly constant without regard to age and sex.     

Sex Determination Using the Second Cervical Vertebra—A Test of the Method*

Abstract: Sex is one of the critical questions addressed when unidentified skeletal remains are discovered in forensic or archeological contexts. Continuous testing and re‐evaluation of existing techniques is essential to improve accuracy and precision. The Wescott (J Forensic Sci 2000; 45 (2):462–6) method of sex determination from dimensions of the second cervical vertebra was blind‐tested on 153 adult individuals from the Spitalfields documented collection of human skeletal remains held at the Natural History Museum, London. Significant sex differences were determined for all dimensions measured (independent two‐sample t‐test, p < 0.05–0.001). The discriminant functions developed by Wescott were shown to have an overall accuracy of classification of 76.99%. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, a discriminant function based on the Spitalfields data correctly classified sex in 83.3% of individuals and was able to classify males and females with equal accuracy. Additional discriminant functions are presented for use in instances where preservation of the second cervical vertebra is poor.     

Sexual offenders with serious mental illness: prevention, risk, and clinical concerns

Individuals with serious and persistent mental illness who have also engaged in illegal sexual behavior present a unique challenge for our legal and clinical systems. Frequently, these individuals may engage in problematic sexual behaviors which result in hospitalization rather than incarceration, and an overburdened and resource-deficient public community mental health system is ill-equipped to address the seriousness of these sexual behaviors. We have a rather limited understanding of how prevention programs, intervention strategies, and risk assessment would work with this population. Here we evaluate data from a sample of 245 inpatient psychiatric sexual offenders in a forensic mental health setting and compare these with what information has already been presented in some of the literature. Through an examination of seriously mentally ill sexual offenders and their clinical presentation, legal history, and risk management concerns, we illustrate a variety of tertiary prevention needs. Future directions in the area of prevention and risk management for seriously mentally ill sexual offenders are also discussed.     

聚众斗殴罪的主体研究

在对特殊主体说、一般主体说、一般主体与特殊主体结合说等国内理论梳理的基础上,本文指出,以主、从犯的概念来解释积极参加者和一般参加者的概念并非合适。在评价共犯的作用时,需依靠各行为人在整个行为过程中所实施的行为。除此,本文还提出＂角色群＂的概念用来评价聚众斗殴罪,即在众合犯的犯罪中,行为人可以是由实施各个参与角色组成,但是不同的参与角色群的行为人非共同正犯,亦不可区分主从;在相同的角色群里,方可区分主、从犯。在一般参加者里囊括了可罚的从犯和不可罚的从犯。应用＂角色群＂的概念对聚众斗殴罪的主体进行二元评价。最后,本文将聚众斗殴罪作为结果加重犯提出了建立＂分类处遇＂制度,以正确地处罚首要分子和积极参加者。