Social Justice in Love Relationships: Recent Developments

In all societies, people are concerned with justice. “What’s fair is fair!” “She deserves better.” “It’s just not right.” “He can’t get away with that!” “It’s illegal.” “It’s unethical!” “It’s immoral” are fairly common laments. In the 11th century, St. Anselm of Canterbury (Anselem of Canterbury: The major works, 1998) argued that the will possesses two competing inclinations: an affection for what is to a person’s own advantage and an affection for justice; the first inclination is stronger, but the second matters, too. Equity theory, too, posits that in personal relationships, two concerns stand out: firstly, how rewarding are people’s societal, family, and work relationships? Secondly, how fair and equitable are those relationships? According to equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are getting exactly what they deserve from their relationships—no more and certainly no less. In this article, we will begin by describing the classic equity paradigm and the supporting research. We will then recount the great debate that arose in the wake of the assertion that even in close, loving, intimate relationships, fairness matters. We will end by describing what scientists have learned in the past 35 years about the competing claims of altruism, reward, and fairness in love relationships.     

论家庭性暴力的性质及法律责任

对在婚姻关系处于非正常状态时发生的性暴力行为,当其情节恶劣、损害后果严重时,应当认定为强奸罪,被告人应承担刑事责任;而对于夫妻关系处于正常状态,妻子基于正当理由拒绝丈夫的性要求,丈夫违背妻子的意愿强行发生性行为的性暴力,给妻子造成了身体上的伤害时,应当定性为民事侵权行为,无论当事人是否提起离婚诉讼,过错方配偶应当承担侵权责任。     

Sexual abuse in Canadian university and college dating relationships: The contribution of male peer support

Using data from a Canadian national representative sample survey of male university and college students, this study tested three hypotheses from a theoretical model which attempts to explain the relationship between male peer group dynamics and sexual assault in dating relationships. Consistent with previous research conducted in the United States, the findings reported here show that male peer support is a significant predictor of sexual abuse in post-secondary school courtship. This article concludes with several suggestions for further research.     

DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IN THE IMPACT OF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON LATER DELINQUENCY AND DRUG USE*

Developmental psychopathology emphasizes the impact that early childhood maltreatment has on adolescent and early adult development. The life‐course perspective, however, emphasizes more proximal events—adolescent maltreatment, for example—as developmentally disruptive. Prior research suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent delinquency and drug use. However, the results appear to depend on a loose definition of childhood. This study utilizes a four‐category maltreatment classification—never, childhood‐only, adolescence‐only, and persistent—to re‐examine the maltreatment‐delinquency relationship. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, we find no relationship between childhood‐only maltreatment and adolescent delinquency or drug use; yet, we do find a consistent impact of adolescence‐only and persistent maltreatment on these outcomes.     

性被害人司法精神鉴定有关问题探讨

性被害人司法精神鉴定有关问题探讨李孝福，郑瞻培（１．安徽省黄山市第二人民医院；黄山２４５０２１；２．上海市精神卫生中心；上海２０００３０）ＡＰＲＯＢＥＯＦＳＯＭＥＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＲＥＧＡＲＤＩＮＧＰＳＹＣＨＩＡＴＲＩＣＥＸＰＥＲＴＩＳＥＦＯＲＳＥＸＵ...     

The Relationship Between Courtship Violence and Sexual Aggression in College Students

The relationship between physical and sexual aggression in college students was explored in the current study. Participants were 245 males and 411 females recruited from a 2-year or 4-year college. The vast majority were white. All of them responded to a measure of physical aggression (The Conflict Tactics Scale; Straus, 1979) and sexual aggression (the Sexual Experiences Survey; Koss et al., 1987). A subset of participants also responded to a questionnaire assessing Signs to Look for in a Battering Personality (Ryan, 1995). Results showed a significant association between physical and sexual aggression in men and women. In addition, the combination of physical and sexual aggression produced nonsignificantly higher levels of aggression than when they occurred alone. Discriminant analyses showed verbal abuse and threats predicted both physical and sexual aggression in men and women; however, gender differences emerged on other characteristics. Finally, effect size analyses showed larger effect sizes for sexual than for physical aggression on many of the Signs to Look for in a Battering Personality.     

"性骚扰"概念的泛化、窄化及应对措施

性骚扰在中国正在成为一个越来越引人关注的问题,但是对于性骚扰的解决,无论是理论还是实践都显得有些力不从心。本文借鉴女性主义的视角和方法,认为性骚扰在中国出现的泛化和窄化问题是使得性骚扰问题难以解决的两大盲区,本文尝试探讨性骚扰的实质,寻求解决这一问题的途径和方法。     

联想与类比:纳西族东巴文化中的性象征

在纳西族的东巴文化中 ,以联想和类比的方式表现出来的性象征情况非常明显 ,当中保存有很多以自然物象征女阴、男根的现象 ,甚至连宇宙起源的模式在东巴神话中 ,也完全按性行为方式进行构拟 ,自然万物的衍生被类比为通过性行为而生殖的结果。     

现阶段中国妇女就业方面的差别待遇问题研究

本文的研究发现,现阶段中国女性在劳动力市场上面临明显的差别待遇问题,其根源相当复杂。除了人力资本差异外,“企业内在的理性性别歧视机制”以及“女性人力资本积累歧视机制”也在作用。从理论上充分认识这一问题的性质及产生的根源,对于制定适当的政策和对策缓解乃至最终消除不合理的差别待遇具有重要意义。     

我国城市就业人员性别工资歧视的估计

本文根据2002年中国城市住户调查数据,采用Blinder-Oaxaca的工资差异分解方法,对我国城市就业人员的性别工资歧视程度进行了估计,结果是在男性女性工资报酬总的差异中,54.4%要归结于个体特征差异的影响,45.6%要归结于歧视的影响。