Local government reforms: between multifunction and single-purpose organisations

The paper argues that, in ‘revisiting’ the referred-to article published back in 2004, the concept then guiding the analysis would need to be modified particularly on three scores. For one, in order to achieve a more adequate comparison the country selection should be expanded beyond the earlier sample (UK, France, Germany and Sweden) to also capture Southern and Central Eastern European countries. Second, the ‘developmental’ (‘over time’) analysis of the pertinent institutional changes should be further accentuated and complemented by proceeding ‘by (developmental)stages’ instead of ‘country by country’. Third, while still deeming the distinction between ‘multifunction’ and ‘single-purpose’ organisations fruitful to guide a ‘government versus governance’ analysis and interpretation, the distinction between ‘political rationality’ and ‘economic rationality’ should be added with the former (ideal-typically) identified with elected (local) government and the latter seen characteristic of many of the actors in the governance-typical actor networks.     

沟口雄三对中日思想概念的比较

中国的思想、文化由朝鲜半岛辗转流传入日本,经由日本民族吸收改造,呈现出崭新的形态。在中日思想比较研究的领域中,日本学者沟口雄三以概念比较为切入点,结合两国文化、社会发展的客观史实,通过文献、语源、社会调查等多元化方法,对中日哲学思想中的"天""公私""理"等概念作出了比较。通过比较,探讨了中日思想概念在文化语境中的不同诠释方式,并以此为基础,试图重新建立起对中国和日本的文化认知,同时,也提供了跨学科、跨领域文化比较研究的新思路。     

A parameter study regarding the IBIS correlator

The electronic system IBIS has been used by numerous agencies worldwide as the standard tool to compare firearm markings on bullets and fired cartridges. There is a general interest among users concerning the likelihood with which the IBIS correlator may locate hits in its databases. Test results of the performance under different test conditions have been published in various papers. Experience has also been gained with the IBIS system from years of practical usage. All of these findings are difficult to compare with each other. No systematic presentation exists that actually shows the parameters upon which the success rate of the IBIS correlator depends. There has also been no mention of what values these parameters take on during each test. This paper first generally defines the success and error rates of the IBIS correlator. The parameters used will be discussed. Results of previously published tests will be re-examined based on this methodology. An illustrative form of presentation for the success rate of an electronic comparison system will also be suggested. It will be shown that the success rate of the IBIS correlator highly depends on the quality of the firearms-generated markings. It increases with the number of considered mark types, the number of available signatures per firearm, and the number of items inspected in the hit list. The success rate decreases with the database size. The paper will conclude with a series of practical recommendations for the setting up and successful operation of an electronic collection of ballistic evidence.     

中日侦查阶段律师辩护制度比较研究

侦查程序作为刑事诉讼的重要组成部分,应具有侦查机关与犯罪嫌疑人之间平等对抗的“诉讼”特性。在犯罪嫌疑人受各种条件的限制不可能实现其自行辩护权利的情况下,犯罪嫌疑人辩护律师辩护职能的充分发挥无疑对达到这种“平等对抗”具有至关重要的作用。反观我国的现行立法,由于受各种因素的影响,律师在侦查阶段辩护职能发挥得并不理想。基于此,本文针对这一问题,通过与正在进行改革并已取得巨大成功的日本相关制度进行比较分析,以期从中获得有益提示。     

中国贿赂犯罪立法与《联合国反腐败公约》之比较

中国贿赂犯罪刑事立法与《联合国反腐败公约》在行贿方式、行贿罪的目的要件等的规定上具有契合性,在行贿人的刑事责任、贿赂的内容、外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员贿赂犯罪的规定等问题上具有差异性。     

Accusatorial and information-gathering interview and interrogation methods: a multi-country comparison

Suspect interviewing and interrogation practices have been studied in many different countries, including those in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. These studies have produced useful and interesting findings, while also leaving an opening for future inquiry. Specifically, previous research has noted that we might expect interrogation and interviewing practices to vary among different countries or regions, due to distinct approaches to suspect questioning. However, to our knowledge, few previous studies have examined the comparative use of tactics, techniques, and procedures employed to elicit confessions and information from criminal suspects across multiple countries. In the present study, using a consistent survey, we contrasted the interviewing and interrogation practices of 185 practitioners from America, Canada, and Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. In large part, we found that American and Canadian interrogators were similar to one another, and conformed to an accusatorial approach (in both deception detection and questioning techniques). In contrast, interviewers from Europe, Australia, and New Zealand conformed more to an information-gathering approach.     

明末至清前期“子学”比附“西学”的境遇和意义

利用传统学术资源，与西学知识进行“比附”，论证“中西相通”或“西学中源”，是明末清初以来中国思想界认识西学的重要途径。以先秦诸子为核心的“子学”从一开始便充当了“中西比附”的依据和资料来源。士人通过“以子证西”，一方面认识了部分西学知识，维护了对“中学”的自信和坚守，但另一方面也因此阻碍了对西学的学习和利用。     

足迹检验程序和方法的探讨

通过对足迹形成时的习惯动作特征的研究,提出了同一人穿不同种类鞋同一认定的检验程序和方法.     

普通公安大专与成人公安大专学生现状之比较

本文作者在深入调查的基础上，从学习方面、交往方面和经济生活方面，对普通公安大专与成人公安大专学生的现状进行了比较，为有关教师和管理人员更加有的放矢地搞好学生的教育与管理工作提供参考。