“坦白从宽”刑事政策与辩诉交易制度比较研究

引进西方国家的辩诉交易制度,还是完善发展我国“坦白从宽”的刑事政策,是摆在理论界和司法实践面前的选择性命题。通过对两者的比较,得出这样的结论：移植“辩诉交易”不可行,“坦白从宽”法制化是当然选择。     

The Case for a Participation Income: Acknowledging and Valuing the Diversity of Social Participation

Anthony Atkinson's idea of a participation income draws attention to the various ways in which people contribute to society. Current discussions on social participation go beyond paid work to include volunteering, education, and caregiving to kin. With the idea of the participation income, various forms of contribution can be highlighted and acknowledged. This article investigates how the idea of a participation income is reflected in Danish, Finnish, German and Dutch social policies. It shows that different elements of a participation income are incorporated in active labour market policies: Denmark adopted a narrow focus on paid work; Finland seeks tailor‐made solutions for the long‐term unemployed; Germany reformed many policy areas to achieve a better activation; and the Netherlands acknowledges a wide range of social participation forms. These country differences highlight that governments can adapt the idea of a participation income to achieve the focus they desire.     

中外群体性事件处置比较研究

中外对群体性事件这一概念有着一致的认识.中外群体性事件处置的共同点有:处置主体相同、处置目标相同;不同的是:关于"群体性活动"对社会程序的影响的认知不同,警察所持立场和执法理念不同;处置方式中的处置原则和处置警力的动员与指挥体系不同.     

劳动派遣机构与用人单位之比较

劳动派遣机构是随着劳动派遣这一特殊社会现象而在法律概念上逐步明确下来的.劳动派遣的样态和性质决定了派遣机构的性质.用人单位是我国劳动法上具有特定内涵与外延的法律概念和范畴.要扩大劳动法的调整范围,将劳动派遣关系纳入其调整,必须要对这两个劳动法律关系主体进行对比研究.分别从两个主体的法律资格、职能、法律责任承担以及法律创制的意义四个方面进行对比分析,以期厘清这两个主体既相联系又相区别的特征.     

The Role of Policy Labs in Policy Experiment and Knowledge Transfer: A Comparison across the UK,Denmark, and Singapore

Abstract

Policy labs have been increasingly used to generate scientific evidence and political momentum to boost policy experiments, but our understanding of the conditions for knowledge creation and transfer through policy experiments in the labs is scarce. This paper compares the UK’s Cabinet Office’s Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), Denmark’s the Danish MindLab, and Singapore’s the Human Experience Lab (THE Lab) to identify their similarities and differences in fostering policy experiment and knowledge transfer. It is found that BIT as the “Nudge Unit” is keen on bringing in rigorous scientific evidence to advocate effective albeit controversial policies, critical to its survival and influence in an adversarial political circumstance. MindLab takes more initiative to co-create and run projects together with agencies and organizations. THE Lab is dedicated to gleaning ethnographic insights from various stakeholders to support design thinking in policy implementation. These discernable differences can be attributed to their different political regimes and policy environments, which suggest workable avenues for policy labs in other countries.     

Determining Shoe Length from Partial Shoeprints

The length of a shoe has significant value in reflecting characteristics of the owner, and thereby, it can help in tracking suspects in criminal cases. However, the shoeprints left at a crime scene are often incomplete, resulting in difficulties in assessing shoe length. To find a way to estimate the shoe length from a partial shoeprint, 109 shoes with different sizes and general patterns were collected, and their prints were lifted using magnetic powder. Four feature points were defined on a shoeprint, and the longest distance between the feature points was defined as shoe length. Using linear, quadratic, and cubic regression analyses, a total of 15 equations were obtained between the shoe length and the other distances between the feature points. Out of these, the five most accurate equations were selected as the optimal equation. The verified test, including another 18 pairs of shoes, showed an average error of equations between 0.591 cm and 0.732 cm. The equations were also applied in two practical cases, resulting in good accuracy. The study demonstrates that shoe length could be determined from partial shoeprints through the proven equations.     

“私小说”创作流变－－郁达夫、陈染小说比较

郁达夫、陈染是本世纪初期和本世纪末期在“私小说”创作领域颇有成就的两位代表作家。他们以自己的亲身经历或亲身感受抒写着人类共同的情感体验 :孤独、苦闷、对爱情的追求和对死亡的思考。本文拟从这几个方面来比较一下这两位作家创作的异同     

论我国的社区管理模式

用建立社区福利中心的社区发展方法来推动地区经济社会整体发展的思想已被越来越多的国家接受并实施.在我国,随着改革开放的深入和经济社会的发展,社区建设与社区管理从90年代后开始受到重视,逐渐形成深圳罗湖、上海浦东、佛山城南和沈阳东大4个各具特色和优势的模式,同时也存在一些应引起高度重视的问题.     

The application of TreadMatch scans to aid the process of footwear mark comparison

Currently in the UK, if a person is arrested or charged with a recordable offence, they can have prints of their footwear taken whilst in custody. The tread pattern recorded in these prints can be searched for using the National Footwear Database to find out if the same footwear pattern has been recovered at previous crime scenes, generating forensic intelligence.TreadMatch is a digitised system for collecting footwear prints seized from detainees in custody for this purpose. Whilst its use for generating intelligence is accepted, validation experiments have not been conducted to understand its level of performance in assisting in forensic comparison purposes for identification, because in the absence of an incorporated scale, it is not known how well TreadMatch reproduces the pattern size of a tread, threatening the validity of the comparison. If it can be determined that the measurements of TreadMatch scans are consistent with the more commonly used aluminium powder test marks, this could save Police time and resources if the digital scans could be used for preliminary assessment prior to the footwear being physically submitted for evidential comparison. Therefore, this study set out to compare three different types of TreadMatch scans (‘dynamic’, ‘zoomed’ and ‘rolled’) for thirty different pieces of footwear, with test marks of the same footwear using the traditional method (fingerprint powder). Length and width measurements were obtained from each tread pattern using GNU Image Manipulation Program software. The resulting data were analysed to assess for agreement between TreadMatch scans and test marks using 95% Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and 95% Bland-Altman plots of Limits of Agreement (LOA). Additionally, an intra-sample study using fifteen repeated measurements of the same piece of footwear for different TreadMatch scanning methods was carried out to support the larger validity study.95% ICC_3,1 resulted in coefficients ranging from 0.99 to 1.00 across all measurements. 95% LOA displayed close agreement. There was less agreement and more variation displayed between the test marks and the TreadMatch rolled scans for both length and width measurements. This variation for hand-rolled prints must be taken into consideration and a standard approach developed. The study suggests TreadMatch can be used for preliminary assessments in assisting forensic comparisons, particularly for dynamic and zoomed prints.     

中德警犬训练技术比较研究

德国是目前世界各国警察部门中警犬技术工作开展较好的国家之一，代表欧美该技术领域的发展水平。我国的警犬技术工作在一定程度上是借鉴德国的工作经验基础上发展起来的。本文运用文献资料法、现场调查法、比较分析法及逻辑推理法，对中、德两国警犬技术在教学培训受训犬的选择方式、课程设置和计划安排、管理运行方式、教学培训体系、警犬技术各使用类别等方面进行比较研究，该研究详实呈现了两国应用现状以及新技术训练方法和手段创新，通过思考相互存在异同，提出建议，旨在借鉴德国警方训练技术的先进经验，为我国警犬训练技术的改革与科学发展提供依据。