STR基因座等位基因阶梯制备方法尝试

提高PCR-STR分型技术的准确性。采用荧光标记dNTP掺入法,通过DNA自动测序仪分析不同等位基因片段的长度并确定其命名后,建立并比较扩增产物混合-纯化-重扩增法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳-切割回收纯化DNA-重扩增法、非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-切割回收纯化DNA-重扩增法等3种Ladder制备方法。扩增产物混合-纯化-重扩增法相对较简便、快速、经济。Ladder对照使基因分型数据化,判型准确,重复性好,有利于标准化的实现。     

论鲁迅小说的叙述者干预

在叙事作品中 ,叙述者可以种种方式对于其所讲述的故事以及文本本身进行干预。这种干预一般通过叙述者对于人物、事件甚至文本本身进行评论的方式来进行。它既可以仅仅是装饰性的 ,以达到某种修辞目的 ,也可作为叙事文戏剧性结构的基本部分而起作用。本文论述了鲁迅小说中所出现的种种叙述者干预。其巧妙的运用不仅使叙述者干预与叙事文融为一体 ,而且达到了独特的修辞目的 ,具有不可替代的作用     

隐约的悲剧意味——凌叔华和凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德的短篇小说比较

凌叔华和凯瑟琳.曼斯菲尔德的短篇小说透出隐约可见的悲剧色彩。她们平静地叙述着人生的悲剧故事,透过普通人物的平凡生活去展示社会、文化和人生的真实底蕴与悲剧意味。她们用一种理性的节制,含蓄地写出了同时代人的心灵,自然而没有突兀感。相对来说,凌叔华的小说,是在人生的悲哀中寄予她对时代和文化的感叹,而曼斯菲尔德的小说,则是在现实与梦境的交接处挖掘生命本体分裂的痛楚和人生的悲剧性意蕴。     

肝心同治法治疗功能性消化不良伴焦虑抑郁状态30例

目的 观察疏肝健脾合养心安神方治疗功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia,FD）伴有焦虑抑郁状态的疗效。方法 将90例FD伴焦虑抑郁状态的患者随机分为疏肝组、疏肝养心组和疏肝黛力新组,分别治以中药疏肝健脾方、中药疏肝健脾方+养心安神方,及中药疏肝健脾方+黛力新,治疗前后观察3组患者脾胃症状评分,采用36条目生活质量简表（36-item short form health survey questionnaire, SF-36）评价患者治疗前后的生活质量,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale, HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale, HAMD）评价患者治疗前后的焦虑抑郁水平。结果 疏肝养心组、疏肝黛力新组在改善FD患者脾胃症状,降低HAMA、HAMD评分,改善SF-36各维度评分方面显著优于疏肝组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）;疏肝养心组与疏肝黛力新组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 疏肝健脾方合养心安神方可明显改善FD伴焦虑抑郁状态患者的脾胃症状,并可改善焦虑抑郁症状,提高生活质量。     

Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database

The National Research Council recommends that genetic differentiation among subgroups of ethnic samples be lower than 3% of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic sample to be used for estimating reliable random match probabilities for forensic use. Native American samples in the United States’ Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database represent four language families: Algonquian, Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleut, and Salishan. However, a minimum of 27 Native American language families exists in the US, not including language isolates. Our goal was to ascertain whether genetic differences are correlated with language groupings and, if so, whether additional language families would provide a more accurate representation of current genetic diversity among tribal populations. The 21 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the Globalfiler® PCR Amplification Kit were used to characterize six indigenous language families, including three of the four represented in the CODIS database (i.e. Algonquian, Na-Dene, and Eskimo-Aleut), and two language isolates (Miwok and Seri) using major population genetic diversity metrics such as F statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis of genotype frequencies. Most of the genetic variation (97%) was found to be within language families instead of among them (3%). In contrast, when only the three of the four language families represented in both the CODIS database and the present study were considered, 4% of the genetic variation occurred among the language groups. Bayesian clustering resulted in a maximum posterior probability indicating three genetically distinct groups among the eight language families and isolates: (1) Eskimo, (2) Seri, and (3) all other language groups and isolates, thus confirming genetic subdivision among subgroups of the CODIS Native American database. This genetic structure indicates the need for an increased number of Native American populations based on language affiliation in the CODIS database as well as more robust sample sets for those language families.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088 .     

UPLC—MS／MS法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC—MS／MS）法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。方法样品经乙酸乙酯提取后,Ci8柱分离,以0．1％甲酸乙腈-0．1％甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,正离子-多反应离子监测模式（ESI＋-MRM）测定雪上一枝蒿甲素,定性定量离子对分别为344．3／58．0、344．3／91．0。结果雪上一枝蒿甲素在3．5～850ug／L-1。范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系（r=-0．9968）,检测限为0．1Iμg／L-1,日内、日间精密度均〈10％,低、中、高三个浓度下准确度（n=5）为97．2％-115．2％,回收率（n=5）为86．6％~89．4％。结论该方法操作简便,结果准确,可作为测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。     

A Comparison of DNA Extraction Using AutoMate Express™ and EZ1 Advanced XL from Liquid Blood,Bloodstains, and Semen Stains

In this study, DNA was extracted using an AutoMate Express? and an EZ1 Advanced XL from liquid blood, fresh and aged bloodstains, and fresh and aged semen stains. Extracted DNA was quantified by real‐time PCR using the D17Z1 locus. Short tandem repeat typing was performed using an AmpF?STR^® Identifiler kit. The yields of DNA obtained by the AutoMate Express? were higher from fresh bloodstains and fresh semen stains, almost the same from aged bloodstains and aged semen stains, but slightly lower from liquid blood compared with those obtained by the EZ1 Advanced XL. The addition of dithiothreitol or the use of PrepFiler? lysis buffer improved the EZ1 Advanced XL results from fresh bloodstains, but not for liquid blood and aged bloodstains. Our results demonstrated that the PrepFiler? lysis buffer is the main contributor to the higher DNA yields of the AutoM ate Express? for fresh bloodstains.     

Additional sequence characterization of NIST SRM 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard

The NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was designed for use in the standardization of forensic and paternity quality assurance procedures for fragment-based typing short tandem repeat (STR) alleles generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Certified genotypes of the 6 components A–F were assigned for 24 autosomal and 17 Y-STR markers plus Amelogenin using concordance testing between commercial kits. Selected Sanger sequencing characterization was performed for the alleles of 11 STR markers when only one PCR primer set was available for fragment-based typing. The goal is to characterize the remaining 30 STR loci in components A–C by Sanger sequencing methods for the STR repeat regions and adjacent flanking regions. Additional characterization of the SRM is intended to support the emerging interest in next-generation sequencing technologies for forensic typing applications. Sanger methods have detected underlying polymorphisms (sequence, insertion-deletion, variation in complex motifs) typically not detected by fragment-based typing. The sequenced regions include the commercial or known PCR binding sites commonly implemented in fragment-based typing.     

广东壮族群体12个X-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的 调查广东壮族群体DXS10103等12个 X-STR基因座的遗传多态性.方法 采用Investigator Argus X-12体系对200名广东壮族无关个体（男性100名,女性100名）进行12个X-STR的DNA分型.结果 该群体中12个X-STR基因座共检出143个等位基因,等位基因频率为0.0033～0.6433,等位基因分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.DXS10103与DXS10101基因座间存在连锁不平衡.各基因座的多态信息含量（PIC）为0.3944～0.9159,男性个体识别力（DPm）和女性个体识别力（DPf）分别为0.4815～0.9214和0.6441～0.9884,二联体和三联体的平均非父排除率分别为0.2625～0.8501（MECduo）和0.3944～0.9159（MECtrio）.累积男性个体识别力（CDPm）为0.999999998,累积女性个体识别力（CDPf）为0.999999999,累积二联体非父排除率（CMECduo）为0.999998271,累积三联体非父排除率（CMECtrio）为0.999999989.结论 Investigator Argus X-12系统在广东壮族群体中具有高度的多态性,本实验获得的群体数据可用于个体识别及亲缘关系鉴定案件的评估参考.