LC-MS／MS测定尿液中可卡因及其代谢物苯甲酰爱康宁

目的建立尿液中可卡因(cocaine,COC)及其代谢物苯甲酰爱康宁(benzoylecgonine,BZE)的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。方法尿液经固相萃取后,用AllurePFP丙基柱分离,以V(甲醇):V(20mmol/L乙酸胺和0.1%甲酸的缓冲溶液)=80∶20为流动相,采用二级质谱多反应监测模式检测COC和BZE。按10mg/kg的剂量对豚鼠腹腔注射可卡因,给药后收集7d尿液。结果尿液中COC和BZE在2.0～100ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995),最低检测限(LOD)为0.5ng/mL;回收率大于90%;日内和日间精密度均小于6%;豚鼠尿液中主要检测目标物是BZE,且BZE检测时限也较COC长。结论所建方法灵敏度高,选择性好,适用于尿液中可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁的检测。     

Applying classification methodology to high-consequence firesetting

ABSTRACT

Although classification research has improved our understanding about different types of firesetters, very little is known about those responsible for the most injurious or destructive fires. This study explored variables associated with high-consequence firesetting in an Australian sample (n?=?114). Data across 41 variables were subject to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and principle component analysis. Five types of high-consequence firesetting were identified: (1) Intimate Partner Violence, (2) Hopeless Endangerment, (3) Instrumental Gain, (4) Vandalism, and (5) Fire Interest. Firesetting in the first two types involved individuals with increased rates of past violence, fewer instances of previous firesetting, increased psychiatric morbidity and fires directed at people (person-centred targets). In comparison, individuals represented in the latter two types were younger, focused on object-related targets and had engaged in repeated firesetting. Implications for investigating deliberate firesetting and assessing and managing the risk of deliberate firesetting were discussed.     

短波紫外反射照相显现曲面客体上的潜在指印

目的：针对公安实践工作中经常遇到的问题，利用短波紫外反射照相提取曲面客体上的潜在指印，为曲面客体上的指印提取提供技术参考。方法：利用环形短波紫外灯小角度照射曲面客体，通过固定曲面客体使之仅沿中心轴线方向旋转，依次拍照记录，再导入Photoshop cc中通过图像拼接技术获得完整的指纹图片。结果：总结相机参数设置、曲面客体所产生的反射光斑以及曲面畸变对成像结果的影响，得出一套优化的拍摄方案。结论：曲率对拍摄难度、拼接难度、成像结果有着直接的影响，曲率越大，需要拍摄的照片数量越多，光斑遗留痕迹越严重，成像结果越差。     

Use of Eucalyptus DNA profiling in a case of illegal logging

Eucalyptus is grown world-wide for paper pulp, solid wood, and other industries. Theft or illegal cutting of the trees causes hardship to owners of plantations and countries whose economies rely on the sale and export of eucalyptus products. Unfortunately, many of these crimes go unpunished due to lack of forensic evidence.Over 1200 short tandem repeat (STR) markers have been identified in the genomes of genus Eucalyptus and related species. However, their importance and utility in aiding forensic investigations of wood theft have not been explored. This study evaluated nine STRs for diversity and applied them to a case involving suspected wood theft.As expected, three dinucleotide STR markers showed greater variability but resulted in harder to interpret profiles. Four STR tetranucleotide markers evaluated in this study were found to contain additional repeat structures (dinucleotide or trinucleotide) that enhanced their variability but resulted in profiles with peaks at multiple stutter positions and heterozygote peak imbalance. The most promising STR markers were EGM37 and EMBRA 1374. Though less variable, they yielded robust and reproducible DNA profiles.All nine STR markers were applied to a case involving suspected wood theft. Samples were collected from seized wood and from remaining stumps in a plantation. No DNA match was found, thus eliminating the evidence samples as having originated from the forest. Dendrochronology analysis also resulted in an exclusion. This case study represents the first report using STR markers in any eucalyptus species to provide DNA evidence in a case of suspected wood theft.     

DNA分型实验室管理应重视的几个问题

1985年Gill等第一次报导将DNA指纹图用于个体讽别并获得成功后，DNA分型技术在个体识别和亲子鉴定中的应用潜力开始为法医界所注目【'］．随着该项技术的日益完善，它极大地提高了生物学检材（血液，血痕，精斑，混合斑，毛发和指甲等）在法医物证学鉴定过程中的价值，并广泛应用于法医鉴定实践中．同时，法医界又面临着这样一个问题：如何对有关的DNA分型实验室进行管理监督，以保证其能更好地为司法实践服务．本文从DNA分型实验室人员设置和要求，DNA分型技术标准化以及与传统血型血清学的关系等方面并结合国外进展作如下探讨．ID…     

浙江汉族人群6个STR基因座的遗传多态性的调查

目的进一步完善浙江省汉族人群STR基因座遗传多态性的调查,为其应用提供基础数据。方法采用AmpF1STRSGMplus和AmpF1STRCoficer反应试剂盒,使用ABI310型基因分析仪对浙江汉族人群200名无关个体血样进行了D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、TH01、TPOX和CSF1PO6个STR基因座遗传学分析。结果分别发现了9、15、15、11、8、10个等位基因,发现的基因型分别为23、42、35、19、16、17个,其分布经X2检验均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,并分别统计了6个STR基因座的H、DP、PM、PE及PIC参数。结论6个STR基因座适合法医学应用。     

不同分型方法的STR分型差异

目的调查不同的STR分型系统之间分型的一致性。方法 10 0例不同个体的DNA样本分别用单位点聚丙烯酰胺凝胶银染法和PowerPlex16System试剂盒对 13个法医学常用STR位点进行基因分型 ,并比较两种不同分型系统间的分型结果。结果 1例样本在D8S1179位点出现了分型不一致的结果 :银染法的基因型为 12 / 14 ,而用PowerPlex16System试剂盒的分型则为 12 / 15。结论不同的STR分型系统可导致不同的基因分型     

11个Y—STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的 调查11个Y染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性。方法 利用PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对广州地区汉族群体无关男性血样进行11个Y—STR基因座的分型。结果 11个Y—STR基因座在广州地区汉族群体分别发现3～5个等位基因,GD值最低为0.3037(DYS434),最高为0.8455(DYS390)。结论 11个Y—STR基因座在广州地区汉族群体均具有较高的遗传多态性,可应用于法科学个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

HLA—A基因座分步PCR—SSP分型研究

目的使HLA基因分型能应用于法医常见检材的个人识别。方法 建立检测HLA—A基因座的分步PCR—SSP方法。先用一对HLA—A基因座特异的引物作第一次扩增,以所得产物为模板,分别用对HLA—A30、A31、A33特异的3对引物作第二次扩增,二次扩增的产物经电泳判型。结果 1130例血清分型为HLA—A30、A31、A33的血痕,其PCR—SSP分型和血清分型的不符合率为29％;室温保存2年的精斑、唾液斑,保存18年的血痕第一次扩增均获得满意的结果。结论法医亲子鉴定和个人识别宜用基因分型替代血清分型。HLA—A基因座分步PCR—SSP基因分型适用于法医检材。