中国汉族唇纹研究(Ⅱ)——稳定性及分型

本文对部分中国汉族64名(男36名,女28名)个体的唇纹进行了追踪调查(间隔4年零5个月)。过对所得材料的研究,探讨了唇纹特征随年龄增加而发生变化的规律,并根据唇纹特征提出了新通的分类方法。     

降解检材STR分型Ladder-Like条带形成原因的探讨

目的探讨降解DNA短串联重复序列PCR扩增产物在PAGE中Ladder-L ike条带的形成原因。方法用一组人工合成的不同长度的D8S1179DNA单链,模拟降解检材中的断裂DNA;利用John M设计的D8S1179引物对模拟模板的DNA单链进行PCR扩增,PAGE分离。结果不同模拟模板的DNA单链的组合可以扩增出不同的Lad-der-L ike条带。结论短串联重复序列Ladder-like条带是PCR过程中降解DNA多态区互补扩增的产物。     

牙齿的DNA提取及STR分型研究

目的建立有效的牙齿DNA提取方法。方法使用物理及化学方法去除牙齿表面污染物,经脱钙、裂解、纯化从牙粉中提取DNA进行STR分型。结果对96例牙齿检材进行DNA检验,获得STR分型的有94例,在查找尸源的案件中发挥了重要作用。结论本方法操作简单快速,能够显著提高牙齿DNA检验的成功率。     

24个Y-STR基因座等位基因频率的群体差异分析

目的调查华东地区汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座的群体遗传学多态性,比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群间的群体差异性。方法应用GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒,对华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座进行群体遗传学分析。比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群的等位基因频率,进行群体差异分析。结果华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座共检出235个等位基因,267种单倍型,GD值范围为0.564 9~0.966 8。华东汉族和广东汉族人群在DYS622、DYS552、DYS443等12个基因座的等位基因间的差异有统计学意义。结论 GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒中的Y-STR基因座具有良好的遗传多态性,可应用于父系亲缘关系鉴定。     

甘肃东乡族男性24个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性(英文)

目的检测24个Y-STR基因座单倍型的遗传多态性,探讨其法医物证学应用价值。方法应用AGCU Y24试剂盒和3130xl型遗传分析仪对154例甘肃东乡族男性无关个体的24个Y-STR基因座(DYS391、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS439、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS643、DYS456、DYS458、DYS437、DYS635、DYS448、DYS527a/b、Y-GATA-H4、DYS447、DYS19、DYS392、DYS522、DYS393、DYS388、DYS390、DYS385a/b、DYS444)进行检测,获得其基因型分布情况。结果 154例样本中共检出153种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.991 5和个体识别率为0.994 0。结论 24个Y-STR复合扩增体系具有较高单倍型遗传多态性和个体识别率。     

24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系的建立

目的构建包含24个Y-STR基因座的荧光标记复合扩增体系。方法选择DYS531、DYS630、DYS622、DYS552、DYS510、DYS449、DYS459a/b、DYS446、DYS443、DYS635、DYS587、DYS527a/b、DYS460、Y-GATA-A10、DYS520、DYS557、DYS522、DYS481、DYS570、DYS385a/b、DYS444 24个Y-STR基因座,构建荧光复合扩增体系。检测该体系的特异性、同一性、灵敏度、扩增均衡性、抗干扰性和准确性,调查其在广东地区人群的基因多样性。结果建立的复合扩增体系在检测的非人类及女性样本中未发现谱带,同一个体不同组织检测结果一致,0.1 ng以上标准品9948可检测获得完整分型结果。常见抑制物中体系内加入120~200μmol/L血红素、1.5~2.0 mmol/L钙离子时出现等位基因丢失,对靛蓝、腐殖酸、EDTA具有较强抗干扰性。通过146例无关个体与Yfiler系统平行检测比对,24 Y-STR检测体系分型准确。广东地区人群单倍型多样性(HD)为0.999 72,优于Yfiler系统(HD=0.998 58)。结论本研究建立的24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系法医学应用前景广阔,可用于案件检验、亲权鉴定与Y-STR数据库建设。     

Assessing the Risk of Secondary Transfer Via Fingerprint Brush Contamination Using Enhanced Sensitivity DNA Analysis Methods

Experiments were performed to determine the extent of cross‐contamination of DNA resulting from secondary transfer due to fingerprint brushes used on multiple items of evidence. Analysis of both standard and low copy number (LCN) STR was performed. Two different procedures were used to enhance sensitivity, post‐PCR cleanup and increased cycle number. Under standard STR typing procedures, some additional alleles were produced that were not present in the controls or blanks; however, there was insufficient data to include the contaminant donor as a contributor. Inclusion of the contaminant donor did occur for one sample using post‐PCR cleanup. Detection of the contaminant donor occurred for every replicate of the 31 cycle amplifications; however, using LCN interpretation recommendations for consensus profiles, only one sample would include the contaminant donor. Our results indicate that detection of secondary transfer of DNA can occur through fingerprint brush contamination and is enhanced using LCN‐DNA methods.     

Increasing Allele Detection by Altering the Quantity of Internal Lane Standard

Electrokinetic injection (EI) is the primary method used in forensic laboratories to load amplified PCR product in capillary electrophoresis for short tandem repeat (STR) fragment separation. Because all samples subjected to capillary electrophoresis use internal lane standard (ILS), this study investigated the consequence of varying the volume of ILS and its effects on allele peak heights and number of alleles detected. Results demonstrated that when the volume of ILS is reduced, the average peak height and number of alleles increased, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detection method. Sizing anomalies were observed; however, they did not adversely affect accuracy and precision. The method developed in this study offers a simple and universal procedure to increase the alleles detected in forensic STR analysis. Reducing the volume of ILS to achieve greater sensitivity is applicable to all STR amplification kits and capillary electrophoresis instruments currently used in forensic DNA analysis.     

Effectiveness of Coupled Application of AmpFℓSTR Yfiler Kit and Reduced Size Y‐chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Analysis for Archeological Human Bones

The AmpF?STR Yfiler PCR Amplification (Yfiler) kit continues to be improved for a better analytical efficiency in cases of highly degraded DNA. The authors endeavored to determine whether coupling of the Yfiler kit with supplemental multiplex amplification of some Y‐STR loci is a more efficient analytical mode for poorly preserved human femurs (n = 15) discovered at Korean archeological sites. To reveal locus profiles not easily obtained by Yfiler analysis, custom‐designed primers were adopted for the DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS438, DYS439, and DYS635 loci. The success rate for 16 Y‐STR locus profiles obtained from the 15 femurs was improved from 18.33% (in the use of Yfiler kit only) to 49.17% (the coupled use of Yfiler and custom‐designed primers). In this study, the authors established that the custom‐designed primers offer a markedly improved success rate for obtainment of Y‐STR profiles from degraded aDNA not easily identified by sole use of the Yfiler assay.     

对《迎战卡米号飓风》的文体学分析(英文)

Face to Face with Hurricane Camilleis a master piece of narration.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the story's stylistic feature from the dimension of syntax.