应用枕骨大孔面积判定性别的研究进展

性别是个体识别的主要生物学指标之一,是法医学鉴定不明骨骼残骸的重要初始步骤。枕骨大孔因其解剖学位置的隐匿性、形态学的稳定性、性别与种族的差异性成为法医学性别判定的研究热点,其中枕骨大孔面积是枕骨大孔区域中进行性别判定准确率较高的指标之一。本文以枕骨大孔面积为主要研究对象,就国外学者通过干颅骨样本、CT影像、CBCT影像测量枕骨大孔面积判定性别的方法进行总结,对国内应用枕骨大孔面积进行性别判定研究提供参考。     

Secular Trend in the Development of Permanent Teeth in a Population of Istria and the Littoral Region of Croatia

The study evaluated secular trends in dental development during a period of 30 years, correlation between dental and chronological age in Istria and the littoral region of Croatia. The sample consisted of 1000 panoramic radiographs of children, aged 6–16 years (mean 10.0 ± 1.8), taken in the period 1977–1979 (N = 500; 243 females) and 2007–2009 (N = 500; 299 females). Dental age was assessed according to Demirjian's method. Correlation between chronological and dental age was linear, positive, high, and statistically significant in both periods and genders, ranging from 0.73 to 0.86. Dental age was underestimated when compared to chronological age by 1 year on average, more 30 years ago (?1.35 ± 1.17) than today (?0.63 ± 1.09), less for girls (?0.80 ± 1.22) than boys (?1.21 ± 1.10). A statistically significant positive secular trend in acceleration of dental development was present of 0.72 years during the 30‐year period and was more significant in girls than boys (0.83‐ and 0.51‐year acceleration).     

浅析影响碳素墨水显现胶带指纹的若干因素

为提高胶带粘面指纹的显现质量,便于后期针对该指纹的检验鉴定,通过对胶带粘面指纹显现过程中的各个环节进行测试、对比,可以寻找出一些影响显现效果的因素。经过实验发现,在胶带剥离阶段及对胶带的浸泡、显现阶段,各种不同的实验材质、环境、手法均会对指纹显现效果产生影响。     

扒窃型盗窃罪的司法认定研究

近年来扒窃案件发案率持续增加,且团伙作案、流窜作案、惯犯作案频发,严重危害了人民财产安全和社会秩序。自2011年5月1日起实施的《刑法修正案(八)》首次将扒窃写入刑法,从犯罪形态、停止形态、定罪量刑这三个角度出发对扒窃型盗窃罪进行司法认定研究,以此有效解决扒窃入刑后标准模糊、界限不明等争议。     

Demirjian法在推断上海汉族青少年生活年龄中的应用

目的研究Demirjian法推断上海汉族青少年生活年龄的适用性。方法收集上海市第九人民医院符合纳入标准的年龄在11～20周岁的汉族青少年口腔曲面全景片501例．其中男性168例．女性333例。按照Demirjian法进行牙龄推断,并对生活年龄与Demirjian法推断的牙龄进行配对t检验：通过单因素数学模型探索两者之间的关系。结果直接应用Demirjian方法推断上海汉族青少年牙龄时．其推断的牙龄与实际生活年龄之间存在差异。通过建立牙龄推断的单因素数学模型。并将其推断的年龄与实际生活年龄进行配对t检验,结果显示男性12～16周岁（不含16周岁）、女性13～14周岁（不含14周岁）和15～17周岁（不合17周岁）年龄段无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,并且有81．04％的样本推断误差小于1岁。结论本研究有望成为推断上海地区汉族青少年生活年龄的有效方法,但不适合17周岁以上青少年人群。     

事实婚姻的立法冲突及解决

事实婚姻不仅是婚姻法的调整对象,也是刑法认定重婚罪的重要基础。在法律规则和司法解释的具体展开上,刑法和婚姻法基于不同的立场从而有所不同,并最终导致在重婚罪的认定上产生冲突。刑法领域内的事实婚姻有其独特的含义,刑法领域内事实婚姻的推定有效和认定无效不同于婚姻法领域内的事实婚姻有效与无效,具有重婚罪构成要件的作用和意义。尊重多元的情感生活方式,公法和私法的融合与重整,都可以为事实婚姻在刑法和婚姻法上的冲突提供解决方案。     

构建和谐海西视野下的群体性事件治理机制研究

当前,群体性事件呈现出触点越来越多、燃点越来越低、借助网络资源大势进行炒作、煽动、串联的现实危害越来越严重等新特点。能否有效治理群体性事件,关键还是要创新机制。必须在准确分析把握当前社会矛盾及焦点问题,准确分析把握当前群体性事件的主要特点和发展趋势的基础上,以科学发展观为统领,建立健全使各类矛盾及其诱因减少发生几率的长效预防机制、“以人为本”的和谐处置机制、反应灵敏的新闻发布和舆论引导机制、理论联系实际的学习机制,以此遏制群体性事件多发之势。     

海西山区农村群体性治安事件成因分析—以福建省三明市为例

构建和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村是全面推进小康社会建设的一项重大任务,海峡西岸经济区建设具有加强对台工作,促进祖国统一等重要意义。但海西山区农村大量群体性治安事件的发生,会对农村社会稳定和经济发展造成许多不良影响。这些治安事件的发生是经济、社会等多种原因、矛盾交织在一起形成的。     

Age determination of ballpoint pen ink by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Two main approaches can be used for determining the age of an ink: indirect dating and direct dating. Indirect dating is based on the chemical analysis of an ink followed by comparison with known samples in a reference collection. The collection should contain information about the inks including the market introduction dates. This approach may allow for an anachronism to be detected. The second concept is based on measuring ink components that change with age. The analysis of solvents in ballpoint inks may be a useful parameter for determining the age of ink on paper. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated that thermal desorption of ink directly from paper, followed by chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), is a promising procedure for characterizing ink-binder resins and solvents. Preliminary tests showed that monitoring the evaporation of ink solvent from ink on paper is not a suitable method for ink dating. Thermal analysis of ink on paper in two steps revealed that fresh ink releases a relative amount of solvent at a certain low temperature in a defined period of time, which decreases as the ink ages. As a consequence, this relative amount of solvent released at a certain low temperature, and its decrease with time, can be used to estimate ink age. This age-dependent parameter was studied in 85 different inks ranging in age from 1 week to 1.5 years. It was found that some inks showed a significant decrease of this parameter up to an age of several months, and that the aging process can be monitored within this period. For other inks, however, the age-dependent parameter decreases relatively fast, e.g., within a few days, to a constant level, which can be too fast for casework. Based on these results, a general procedure for assessing the age of ballpoint pen inks on paper was developed.     

活体跟骨数字X线片性别判定

目的应用数字X线摄影方法测量跟骨,评估5项测量指标在法医学性别判定中的价值。方法393例受试对象随机分组,实验组334例(男性148例,女性186例),验证组59例(男性26例,女性33例)。每一受试对象按照规定投照方法摄跟骨侧位DR片,分别测量5项跟骨长度指标。方差分析检验实验组各项指标性别间差异,Fisher判别分析及多元逐步判别分析建立性别判别函数。验证组样本数据回代,前瞻性评估判别效能。结果5项指标性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。共建立了6组性别判别函数,性别判断正确率在78.4%～88.9%之间;回代检验,判断正确率在79.7%～86.4%之间。结论跟骨侧位数字X线片5项长度测量指标代入判别函数进行性别判定的方法可为法医学个人识别中的性别判定提供帮助。