Application of the Iscan method to two- and three-dimensional imaging of the sternal end of the right fourth rib

Age determination is a major field of interest in physical and forensic anthropology. Among the different methods based on macroscopic skeletal study, the Iscan method, which analyzes the sternal end of the right fourth rib, is one of the most reliable. We applied the Iscan method to two- and three-dimensional multislice computed tomography (MSCT) reconstructions of the sternal end of the right fourth rib on 39 ribs. The intra-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was good (gamma coefficient equal to 0.86; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability equal to 0.79); inter-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was also good (gamma coefficient ranging from 0.82 to 0.88; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability ranging from 0.78 to 0.86). We demonstrated excellent agreement between the results of analysis of bone samples and those of the two- and three-dimensional images, in particular regarding bone projections, morphology of the pit and of its rim. The accuracy of age estimation did not significantly differ between the Iscan method applied to dry bones and the same method applied to MSCT images. Determination of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability coefficient for the inter-error method confirmed the agreement between phase estimations obtained with the two methods (ranging from 0.55 to 0.71). The real civil age was comprised in 21 cases out of 36 for assessment performed on dry bones and in 23 cases out of 36 on MSCT reconstructions, which represented 58.3% and 63.9%, respectively. Use of MSCT reconstructions in forensic anthropology offers many advantages: no bone preparation, no damage to bone material, and the possibility of application to living individuals.     

Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium

Previous attempts to sex juvenile skeletons have focused on the application of qualitative or semi-quantitative techniques. This study applies a variety of geometric morphometric methods, including eigenshape analysis, to this problem. Six metric criteria for the ilia were tested with the aim of investigating previous ideas concerning sexually diagnostic characters. This study uses 25 ilia from juveniles of known age and sex from Christ Church, Spitalfields, London. Ninety-six percent of juvenile ilia were correctly identified as male or female using the shape of the greater sciatic notch. Identification accuracy is shown to improve with age for several criteria. Males were identified to a higher accuracy than females. Application of geometric techniques improves the understanding of the relationship between age, sex, and shape and the clarity with which these relationships can be quantified. Archaeological and forensic relevance of the results are discussed with recommendations for future application.     

人皮肤组织刺、切创后IL-8表达的免疫组织化学研究

为探讨人皮肤刺、切创后白细胞介素 8(interleukin 8,IL 8)在推断皮肤损伤时间中的应用价值 ,本研究应用免疫组化技术对 5 2例不同损伤时间人体皮肤刺、切创组织中IL 8的表达进行了研究。伤后 4h的损伤皮肤组织中可见部分的多核粒细胞表达IL 8。伤后 12～ 2 4h ,大部分浸润的多核粒细胞及部分单核细胞为IL 8阳性。随伤后时间延长 ,IL 8阳性细胞以单核及成纤维细胞为主。伤后 4～ 6h的皮肤中 ,IL 8阳性细胞比率较低 ,为 16 0±10 1%。伤后 1～ 4d达高峰 ,为 5 9 6± 8 7%。其后逐渐减少。本研究结果表明 ,IL 8的表达可用于皮肤刺、切创后损伤时间的推断。     

一种用于降解DNA样本的性别鉴定方法

目的　建立一种采用PCR技术对降解DNA样本进行性别鉴定的新方法。　方法　采用针对amelogenin基因X染色体外显子 3bp缺失设计的引物AMELU1及AMELD1,对在室温环境下放置 5～ 15年的男、女血痕标本各 5 0例、毛发各 2 0例、骨骼各 2 0例以及现场提取 5 - - 2 0天的男、女腐败肌肉各 10例标本中提取的降解DNA样本进行扩增。用PAG( 9%T ,3 %C)电泳、银染显带检测扩增产物。　结果　所有样本均得到正确结果 ,男性检材表现为 83bp的Y特异性及 80bp的X特异性 2条谱带 ,而女性检材仅有 1条 80bp的X特异性谱带。　结论　用针对amelogenin基因X染色体外显子 3bp缺失设计的引物AMELU1及AMELD1鉴定性别的方法灵敏、可靠、方便 ,是降解DNA检材性别鉴定十分理想的方法。     

肌成纤维细胞的研究进展及其法医学应用

肌成纤维细胞(myofibroblast)同时具有平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞双重特性,在组织损伤修复中,肌成纤维细胞参与纤维化级联反应中纤维形成和细胞外基质重塑两个阶段。本文综述了肌成纤维细胞形态学特征和生物学特性的研究进展及其在皮肤损伤时间推断中的作用,以期为法医学研究提供参考。     

网络证据的基本特性

网络证据是在网络条件下存在的用于证明案件事实的材料,它具有流动性强、存在范围广、信息量大、形式多样、超文本等特点。与传统的证据相比,它又具有数字性、准确性、依赖性、稳定性、多媒体性、传输快捷性、可分离性等特征。相对于电子证据,网络证据在生成的主体与场所上,在传输的环境、速度和范围上,在收集的主体、场所及方式上,在证据的保全和审查判断上等方面都表现出自身的特性。     

“一方有难,八方支援”在疫情防控中的实践效度与精神向度

无论从实践效度还是精神向度看,"一方有难,八方支援"都为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战贡献了巨大力量。从实践效度看,它是一种行动力量,彰显了中国特色社会主义制度优势;从精神向度看,它是一种精神力量,为抗击疫情筑牢了精神防线,提升了防疫效能,为培育社会主义核心价值观、繁荣社会主义先进文化、构建人类命运共同体发挥了应有的作用。     

地方立法立项机制的历史考察及其启示

地方立法立项机制就是指立法建议项目由有关主体提议产生,经享有立法规划(计划)编制权的主体在协调有关各方的基础上,结合本地实际情况博弈论证后,决定其是否列入地方立法规划(计划)的带有规律性的运行模式。它具有立项主体的特定性、立项过程的协调性、立项实施的指导性三个特征;其发展可以划分为五个发展阶段。地方立法立项机制今后还将长期存在,我们可以从十个方面进一步对其进行完善。     

短波紫外反射照相显现胶带粘面潜在指印

目的研究胶带粘面上指印的提取方法。方法用短波紫外照相的方法对各种胶带粘面的指印进行拍照提取。结果从理论上解释了短波紫外照相拍照提取胶带粘面上指印的原理,从实践上为短波紫外照相法提取胶带粘面上指印提供技术方法和技巧。结论为胶带粘面指印的提取提供了一种新的方法。     

破碎胫骨的性别判别分析研究

本文对135例(男69,女66)国人成年胫骨进行了12项测量。统计检验表明所有项目都具有非常显著的性别差异。按照判定破碎胫骨性别的需要,采用逐步判别分析和Fisher方法建立了17项判定破碎胫骨性别的判别函数。判别率为79.3～84.4％。本研究表明胫骨上端宽、下端宽和滋养孔处骨干周长具有最重要的性别鉴定价值,其单项判别率为79.3％～80.2％。