“简单式”和“复杂式”精神损害赔偿数额的评定原则与方法

本文针对目前精神损害赔偿评定缺乏统一量化标准的现状 ,分别对简单式和复杂式的精神损害赔偿的数额确定 ,提出不同的适用原则和方法 ,并结合实例加以阐释。在评定过程中 ,文章强调重视法官自由心证裁量权的运用及其作用。     

公共政策创新的价值性规范

只有政策创新才能有效解决转型期新出现的社会问题,但政策创新并不等于新政策制定.民主法治、公平正义的和谐社会价值规范,因应了转型期的内在要求.以公平正义的价值理念来检验和规范政策创新,以民主法治作为公平正义在政策创新中的实现机制,才能确保政策创新沿着有助于解决矛盾和问题的方向前进.     

Voting Powers and the Efficiency of the Decision-Making Process in the European Council of Ministers

We analyse the efficiency effects in combination with some accepted fairness criteria for the voting games in the European Council of Ministers (ECM) under the qualified majority voting (QMV), before and after the Nice new scheme, in comparison with hypothetical simple majority voting rules (SMV), by jointly examining voting weights and voting powers. The differences between the voting weights and the voting powers increase considering the attitude of the Governments of the Member States of the ECM, to form voting-blocs'—historically that among France, Germany and Belgium and, more recently, the bloc between the United Kingdom and Spain. Their voting powers by blocking proposals result in stalemates and weak compromise with likely benefits for existing well organised interest groups. Unexpectedly, the enlargement of EU from 12 to 15 States, with the diminution of the voting weights of the member countries has not reduced the decisional deficit of QMV, basically because the incentive toward blocs' formation has been reinforced. And, while the power of getting a proposal approved has diminished, the veto-power has remained very high. The effects of the new dual QMV rule, based on a new distribution of votes and correcting the unbalance against the big countries with their demographic weights, for the enlargement to 27 States, seems to go in the same direction. The adoption of a dual SMV, would solve the problems of decision efficiency, with a fairness constraint to protect the major countries. To make this voting rule acceptable one might adopt the Buchanan and Tullock (1962) distinction between constitutional principles to whom the unanimity or QMV might be reserved and post constitutional rules suitable to SMV. Clubs of enhanced co-operation among countries with more homogeneous preferences could also ease the application of SMV.     

退耕还林（草）工程的综合效益实证分析——以宁夏南部山区为例

宁夏贫困地区实施退耕还林（草）工程以来,农村就业结构、产业结构变化较大,农民收入加快增长,生活、生产环境明显改善,生态条件发生积极变化,退耕还林（草）工程综合效益已经显现。     

涉诉信访与法治的中国路径——以和谐社会的构建为背景

构建和谐社会不仅是我国当前治国理念之表达,也是促使法学界重新审视法治的中国路径之契机。而涉诉信访就是我们在探究法治的中国路径时所必须正视的一个典型问题。它是我国一段时期以来诉权与司法权之间的扭曲关系、重实体正义而轻程序正义的制度设计、诉讼审判与非诉讼纠纷解决机制之间纠缠不清之状况的反映和产物。应借助和谐社会的理念．对涉诉信访这一中国的特有制度予以创造性的转化,将其整合为我国法治进程中更为积极和谐的因素,促使诉权与司法权形成良性互动,诉讼审判与非诉讼纠纷解决机制相得益彰,彼此促进,把强调实体正义与追求程序正义有机地统合协调起来。     

Hybrid land markets: monetarised customary land transactions in Zambia

This paper examines the growing trend of monetarised transactions of customary land in Zambia, and the impact of these dealings on customary land practices and norms. While transactions of customary land involving money are not a new phenomenon in many parts of Africa, including Zambia, the growing demand for land, especially in areas where land shortages are emerging, has led to a steady growth in these transactions, with the practice becoming more widespread. In the Zambian context, this is directly linked to the policy that allows customary land to be converted into leasehold tenure. Local elites, urban dwellers, and foreign investors are taking this opportunity to acquire customary land which they then convert to leasehold tenure. However, while these dealings have some features of a conventional market, they are, at the same time, bound up in local customary land norms. Although such transactions have been reported widely in the literature, there has been little analysis of their nature and the impact this is having on traditional land practices and norms. Drawing mainly from qualitative data, this paper examines the nature of these transactions and the effects they are having on customary land relations, practices and norms.     

电针结合激光治疗单纯性肥胖30例

目的 比较电针结合激光与单纯电针治疗单纯性肥胖的疗效差异。方法 将60例单纯性肥胖患者随机分为治疗组(电针结合激光治疗)、对照组(电针治疗)各30例,分别观察两组治疗前后体质量、腰围、臀围、股围、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）的变化。结果 治疗后两组患者的体质量、腰围、臀围、股围、BMI均显著下降(P<0.01);治疗组体质量、腰围治疗前后差值显著大于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01),两组减肥疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 电针结合激光与单纯电针均对单纯性肥胖具有确切的临床疗效,电针结合激光在减少患者腰围上具有独特优势。     

论无效民事行为转换的适用要件

无效民事行为的转换是缓和民事行为无效后果之绝对性的一种重要法律机制.一个有效的民事行为转换应符合三个方面的要件,即基础行为要件、替代行为要件和对转换的限制.就基础行为要件而言,转换的对象须是无效民事行为,包括部分无效的民事行为;就替代行为要件而言,替代行为须为有效行为且存在可推测的当事人意思,但替代行为并不包含于基础行为之中,其效果也不得超越当事人所意欲达成之民事行为的效果;就转换的限制要件而言,民事行为的有效性解释应先于转换进行,但经补救而有效的无效民事行为无需转换,因撤销而无效的民事行为及效力待定的民事行为无法转换,违背法律的无效性规范宗旨的民事行为不得转换.     

论人民监督员监督模式的转换

2010年10月最高人民检察院通过了《关于实行人民监督员制度的规定》,并经中央同意,在全国检察机关全面推行人民监督员制度。该《规定》在原《试行规定》的基础上,对人民监督员的选任方式、监督范围、监督程序等作了调整和完善,将人民监督员监督由形式意义层面上升到了实质意义层面。因此,人民监督员的监督模式也要进行相应的转换,以落实《规定》要求,促进监督活动的正常开展。     

Coping with the Global Economic Crisis: The Regional Political Economy of Emergency Social Shock Absorbers in Italy

This article contributes to the debate on governing the global financial crisis, focusing on the regional governance of emergency social shock absorbers in Italy. The article seeks to make two related contributions. First, it argues that subnational governments have been the main drivers of change in labour market policies. Second, it shows that state–local governance elicited a path-altering system by ‘patching up’ a hybrid administrative structure and by ‘converting’ the traditional goals of social shock absorbers from income maintenance to welfare-to-work. The article provides qualitative evidence on the changing organizational bases of the labour markets of two large Italian regions: Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. Evidence suggests that administrative innovation and path dependence intertwined in the governance of the global economic crisis in Italy, mitigating the entrenched distortions of labour market policies.