Efficiency of 'Simple' Liability Rules When Courts Make Erroneous Estimation of the Damage

The literature on liability rules shows that the damage awards under a liability rule affect the efficiency of the rule. One crucial factor that could affect the damage awards and therefore the efficiency characteristics of liability rules is the error made by a court while estimating the harm suffered by the victims. In this paper efficiency property of what we label as 'simple' liability rules when courts make errors in estimation of the damage is studied in a unified framework. The paper provides a characterization of efficient simple liability rules and shows that the biased court errors act to change the efficiency characterization of simple liability rules. A necessary and sufficient condition for a simple liability rule to be efficient in the presence of upper-biased court errors is provided. The analysis is carried out in a quite general framework.     

A short history of studying incremental institutional change: Does Explaining Institutional Change provide any new explanations?

Kathleen Thelen is one of the leading scholars studying incremental institutional change. In her early works from the 1990s, she introduced the conceptualization of different modes of incremental change. These modes have central attention in her recent co-edited book with James Mahoney, Explaining Institutional Change (2010). Compared with Thelen's earlier work, this book provides clearer definitions, addresses the explanatory factors of institutional change, and discusses the patterns and sequences of gradual institutional change. The theory presented by Mahoney and Thelen, however, seems overambitious and subject to a need to be overly crisp and clear.     

高校图书馆图书磁条转换工作的实践与思考——以湖北第二师范学院图书馆为例

本文首先论述了高校图书馆顺应“大流通”服务模式的潮流进行图书磁条转换工作的必要性和可行性,然后重点介绍了图书馆适应招投标法有条不紊地组织好该项工作的具体过程,最后强调了做好该项工作需要注意的有关事项。     

对公安学历教育转轨在职民警培训的思考

在职民警培训已经成为当前公安教育的热点.公安院校要成功实现角色转换,搞好在职民警培训工作,必须实现五个方面的转轨:一是教育目标从系统培养专业人才转到提高在职人员的岗位技能和素质;二是教学内容从系统的理论课教学转到注重解决实际问题的专题教学;三是教学形式从课堂讲授为主转到多种教学形式并举;四是教师(官)结构从清一色的专职教师转到专兼职教师(官)并存;五是教师角色从单一的教学科研转到复合式的"教研管战"综合体.     

犯罪动机的现场转化与被害人对策

在犯罪实施过程中,犯罪动机受外界情境等因素影响可能发生现场转化,其包括恶性转化和良性转化。被害人在犯罪现场的积极应对,可以促使犯罪人的犯罪动机向着良性方向转化,进而弱化甚至放弃犯罪行为,使被害人免受或者少受伤害,从而达到控制犯罪、预防被害的目的。     

再审检察建议在民行法律监督中的适用——以2009年《人民检察院检察建议工作规定（试行）》为视角

再审检察建议是目前民行检察监督方式的一种革新，利用这种便捷的监督模式，可以极大地缓解民行部门上下级案件分布和人员分配失衡的矛盾，减少当事人的诉累，实现事实上的“同级审，同级抗”，有利于节约诉讼成本，节省司法资源，有着积极的现实意义。我国民事诉讼法虽然规定了人民检察院有权对人民法院的民事审判活动进行监督，但由于立法上的滞后和缺陷，导致了人民检察院无法全面履行自己的检察监督职责。文章从我国民行检察监督的现状以及在民行检察监督中推行检察建议的必要性可行性等方面进行了有益的探讨。     

论刑事简易程序中被告人权利的保护

刑事简易程序是以被告人部分权利的牺牲为代价的,这就决定了简易程序就像一把双刃剑,在保障了被告人一部分权利的同时不可避免地损害了其另一部分的权利。我国刑事简易程序中被告人权利保护存在诸多问题,结合相关国际条约及其他国家的立法规定,应从明确简易程序的适用范围,赋予被告人程序选择权,保障被告人辩护权,建立公诉人出庭制度等方面加强我国刑事简易程序中被告人权利的保护。     

Modification Methods of Blank Pistols in Turkey in 2006

Abstract:  This study describes the modification methods of blank cartridge firing pistols in Turkey. We have examined cases submitted to the Aydın Regional Criminal Laboratory of Turkey in 2006. In total, 95 modified pistols and 300 modified cartridges were examined. The blank cartridge firing pistols are guns which look similar to "real" pistols, however, there are blockages in their barrel in order to prevent the discharge of a bullet. However, as a result of simple modifications, these pistols can be easily converted into "real" firearms. Studied modification methods are removing the obstruction from the barrel, removing the partial obstruction from the barrel, sleeving a smaller diameter tube into the original barrel, using a replacement barrel, and rifling the original barrel. Special cartridges for these modified pistols are also produced. These modified pistols and cartridges were evaluated in respect of the converting methods.     

好撒玛利亚人的反思——以一般救助义务为视角

本文针对没有特殊的培训或救助义务的普通公众在某些情况下是否应承担救助义务，探讨特别能引起争议的在何种情况下有义务拯救他人于危难。鉴于现代通信技术的进步，无处不在的移动电话，使打电话来寻求专业援助一样简单。然而，我们可以看到现今普遍的观点中，最基本的一种主张是，除规定的情况下，一个人没有义务打电话。我们寻求挑战这一论断并确定是否可以认为一个人应该有义务做一个好撒玛利亚人。     

重视社会主义本质在社会主义初级阶段的实现程度

社会主义本质的内容是客观的 ,它存在于社会主义社会发展的全过程。但社会主义本质的实现又是一个分阶段和连续性相统一的动态过程。社会主义本质在社会主义初级阶段有着特定的实现程度。邓小平对社会主义本质的论述 ,反映了当代中国共产党人对社会主义认识的新水平。党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线和基本纲领 ,集中反映了社会主义本质在社会主义初级阶段的基本要求