Genetic Variants in KCNE1, KCNQ1, and NOS1AP in Sudden Unexplained Death During Daily Activities in Chinese Han Population

Fifty‐six sudden unexplained death (SUD) cases were collected from Chinese Han population, which occurred during daily activities and were autopsy negative in comprehensive postmortem autopsy. The coding exons of potassium channel genes KCNE1, KCNQ1, and nitric oxide synthase gene NOS1AP were sequenced. A synonymous mutation, KCNE1 F54F T>C was identified in 2 SUD cases, which was absent in the control subjects. Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of KCNE1 and KCNQ1 exhibited a significant difference between the SUD and control group. In contrast, the allele frequency (p = 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰) and genotype frequency (p = 5.9 × 10⁻⁷) of rs3751284, and the genotype frequency (p = 2.9 × 10⁻²) of rs348624 in NOS1AP of SUD were significantly different from that of controls (p < 0.05). Our study suggested that rs3751284 and rs348624 might be susceptibility loci for SUD during daily activities. Larger sample sizes and further molecular studies are needed to confirm or exclude an effect of the NOS1AP SNPs on SUD risk.     

“YFlag” – A Single‐base Extension Primer Based Method for Gender Determination

Assigning the gender of a DNA contributor in forensic analysis is typically achieved using the amelogenin test. Occasionally, this test produces false‐positive results due to deletions occurring on the Y chromosome. Here, a four‐marker “YFlag” method is presented to infer gender using single‐base extension primers to flag the presence (or absence) of Y‐chromosome DNA within a sample to supplement forensic STR profiling. This method offers built‐in redundancy, with a single marker being sufficient to detect the presence of male DNA. In a study using 30 male and 30 female individuals, detection of male DNA was achieved with c. 0.03 ng of male DNA. All four markers were present in male/female mixture samples despite the presence of excessive female DNA. In summary, the YFlag system offers a method that is reproducible, specific, and sensitive, making it suitable for forensic use to detect male DNA.     

定量转印技术确定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间

定量转印技术是将单溶剂提取法与转印技术相结合形成的方法,实验表明该方法在一定条件下可以判定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间.     

论单位犯罪单罚制处罚方式的不足及完善

刑法学界对单位犯罪的处罚方式一般都认为有双罚制和单罚制两种。单位犯罪单罚制存在标准不确定、单位的诉讼地位不确定等弊端,从而使得单位犯罪单罚制在适用过程中存在不完善之处。应该对刑法中的单罚制处罚方式进行部分修改,以实现法律完善和适用上的统一。     

论绑架罪既遂

绑架罪是司法实践中较常发生的犯罪，具有较大的社会危害性。我国刑法对绑架罪做了详细的规定，但是，对于本罪的既遂标准理论界莫衷一是，单一行为说，复合行为说各有优劣，同时也有其他标准，本章就这一问题发袁了看法。     

论公务员单纯受贿行为--受贿罪疑难问题研究

本文阐述了单纯受贿行为的概念和特征,借鏊国外立法经验,结合我国刑法理论和司法现状,对单纯受贿行为作出应按受贿罪处理的明确定性,并就刑法第385条的立法合理性问题进行了分析,且提出了修改意见.     

单核苷酸多态性与外在可见特征的关联及法医学意义

人群中有很多由基因导致的生理变异,可用于个人识别标志及身份证明。作为第三代遗传标记,单核苷酸多态性（SNP）已被证明与人体的许多表型差异有关。法医学可以利用SNP这个特性,通过检验SNP位点,预测犯罪者的外在可见特征（EVCs）,缩小犯罪嫌疑人范围。     

合同相对性规则·集体合同·单个劳动合同

集体合同因在合同主体、合同内容、合同责任方面均不可能具有相对性而使其被排除在适用合同相对性规则的合同范围之外,这就决定了集体合同难以在履行过程中独自发挥功效,因此,受合同相对性规则规范的劳动合同在集体合同的履行过程中起着无法取代的作用,正是用人单位与劳动者之间单个劳动合同的一一订立与履行,才使得集体合同从字面内容真正落实到劳动者实际享有的劳动利益中去.集体合同制度与劳动合同制度各有所长,相辅相成,在对劳动者的劳动利益的保护方面各自发挥着无可替代的作用.     

Effectiveness of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Investigate Cattle Rustling

Short tandem repeats (STR)s have been the eligible markers for forensic animal genetics, despite single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s became acceptable. The technology, the type, and amount of markers could limit the investigation in degraded forensic samples. The performance of a 32‐SNP panel genotyped through OpenArrays^TM (real‐time PCR based) was evaluated to resolve cattle‐specific forensic cases. DNA from different biological sources was used, including samples from an alleged instance of cattle rustling. SNPs and STRs performance and repeatability were compared. SNP call rate was variable among sample type (average = 80.18%), while forensic samples showed the lowest value (70.94%). The repeatability obtained (98.7%) supports the used technology. SNPs had better call rates than STRs in 12 of 20 casework samples, while forensic index values were similar for both panels. In conclusion, the 32‐SNPs used are as informative as the standard bovine STR battery and hence are suitable to resolve cattle rustling investigations.     

Individual assignment of body fluids in mixed stains by synonymous SNP analysis

Genotyping of transcribed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cDNA molecules derived from tissue-specific mRNAs has a potential for linking cell types to donors in mixed stains. To test this hypothesis, a single base extension assay targeting the synonymous SNP marker rs857870 in the myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) gene was designed. In blood/semen mixtures from donors with informative MNDA genotype (opposite homozygotes), only the MNDA allele of the blood contributor was observed in cDNA, even at blood/semen ratios of 1/20, corresponding to the limit of detection for mixtures by STR profiling. In blood/saliva mixtures, the MNDA allele of the saliva donor was sporadically seen in cDNA, probably due to trace amounts of blood in the donor's saliva, suggesting that the informativeness of the assay may be limited in presence of cell types with partially overlapping mRNA profiles.