Counter-terrorism and communities: an interview with Robert Lambert

The targeted sanctions adopted by the UN Security Council against individuals and entities suspected of association with terrorism are managed through procedures that infringe fundamental human rights, and there are no mechanisms for actual accountability. With the exception of the ECJ in Kadi, municipal and regional courts tend to consider the UN Security Council's resolutions and domestic measures implementing them outside the scope of judicial review. This article argues that the Security Council is bound to observe human rights even in the context of international security action, and that States are not exonerated from international responsibility for violations committed under the umbrella of Chapter VII resolutions.     

The Regionalisation of Judicial Review: Constitutional Authority,Access to Justice and Specialisation of Legal Services in Public Law

Since April 2009 judicial reviews may be dealt with at regional centres and in Cardiff. This change significantly relaxed the hitherto highly centralised system of judicial review in England and Wales. The main aims were to improve access to public law redress by enabling cases to be listed and heard at the most appropriate regional location. Despite recognition of the need to improve regional access, fears exist that this reform will threaten the standing and authority of judicial review in this jurisdiction; that it will contribute to a fragmentation of judicial review and, in the regions, reduce the quality of public law adjudication, legal advice and representation. Drawing on an empirical study on the regional use of judicial review, this paper assesses these matters and considers the early effects of regionalisation on access to judicial review and the development of regional markets for legal services in public law.     

徘徊在限权与放权之间——社会转型时期对司法理念的探索

为应对转型时期社会对司法的需求,最高人民法院提出了"能动司法"理念,各级人民法院积极践行,取得了成效,并引发了广泛关注和讨论。能动司法实践中,司法权无序扩张影响了司法的公信力,但能动司法依然是社会转型时期中国的现实选择。我们应当客观评价能动司法理念,承认能动司法的限度,防止能动带来的负面影响。探寻新的司法理念,以继续推进司法体制改革适应社会发展。     

司法鉴定错误损害赔偿诉讼的法理基础与实证考察

鉴定机构提供司法鉴定时,发生鉴定错误在所难免.诉讼当事人因司法鉴定错误发生损害,对司法鉴定机构提起损害赔偿之诉时,实践中往往不能得到法院的支持.诉讼当事人对司法鉴定机构主张损害赔偿不仅存在侵权责任请求权基础,更存在违约责任请求权基础,发生请求权基础竞合.诉讼当事人对司法鉴定机构提起损害赔偿之诉,应以司法鉴定错误得到确认为前提.受司法既判力的约束,只能在对原案件事实的审理程序中重新进行司法鉴定.因此,诉讼当事人对司法鉴定机构提起损害赔偿之诉在程序上受到严格限制,并以此决定其可主张的损害赔偿范围.     

司法警官大学生思想道德素质的现状分析及对策研究

司法警官大学生在思想道德素质上有一定的特殊性.课题组在三所司法警官高校调研的基础上,分析出当代司法警官大学生思想道德素质的特点,并提出了加强司法警官大学生思想道德教育的具体对策.     

日本裁判员制度——通往司法民主的桥梁

裁判员制度是日本国民参与审判的形式,旨在把国民吸收到审判程序当中,使其主体性、实质性地参与到案件审理过程并影响案件审理的结果。裁判员享有与裁判官相同的权限,不仅能够认定案件事实,而且能够决定量刑。裁判员制度既不同于德国的参审制,也不同于美国的陪审制,具有日本特色,代表了日本司法制度日后发展的新动向。     

列宁社会主义司法独立思想的形成与演进

在领导社会主义的司法建设过程中,列宁阐发了关于社会主义立法、司法与行政三权关系的思想理论。由于受到巴黎公社体制的影响,十月革命胜利初期的列宁主张司法隶属于行政。当苏俄国家转入和平建设时期,司法隶属于行政的弊端显现时,列宁与时俱进地提出司法独立于行政的体制构想,并将这一构想付诸苏俄社会主义的司法体制建设之中。与西方资本主义国家的三权分立互相制衡的体制不同,在列宁的社会主义司法独立思想理论中,立法权、行政权和司法权只是职能的分工不同,司法权和行政权之间相互独立,但两者都受立法权的领导,由立法权产生。根据这一理论,列宁创立了不同于西方的社会主义的司法体制模式。     

刑罚轻缓化的理性思考

在刑罚发展的历史进程中,其发展的总体趋势趋于轻缓：由残酷走向人道,由野蛮走向文明,由严刑峻罚逐步趋于轻缓。刑罚轻缓化的背后蕴含着深厚的理论基础：刑罚人道主义、刑法的谦抑性和刑罚功能的有限性。以此理论为支撑,为了使刑罚轻缓化朝着正确的方向发展,应处理好与罪刑相适应原则、刑罚的本质和现阶段宽严相济刑事政策之间的关系。     

“司法能动”在中国的展开

原教旨意义上的“司法能动”的核心指的是司法裁判过程中的“立法性”司法。中国法学界对于什么是司法能动在理解上是极不一致的,大多数人根据自己的理解进行了阐发,其中不乏添附、歪曲之界说,甚至以讹传讹之谬误。能动司法在中国的展开,既存在理论根基不足之缺陷,又面临着司法职业化和司法能动化相冲突的尖锐矛盾。但转型社会的现实,又要求中国必须同时完成司法职业化和“中国式”的司法能动化的双重任务。虽然存在诸多不足,司法能动的倡导者提出的问题依然是值得人们认真对待的。     

TOWARD THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HIGH‐CONFLICT FAMILIES: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND CANADIAN CASE LAW

Social science research and the courts have begun to recognize the special challenges posed by “high‐conflict” separations for children and the justice system. The use of “high conflict” terminology by social science researchers and the courts has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is an important development, but the term is often used vaguely and to characterize very different types of cases. An analysis of Canadian case law reveals that some judges are starting to differentiate between various degrees and types of high conflict. Often this judicial differentiation is implicit and occurs without full articulation of the factors that are taken into account in applying different remedies. There is a need for the development of more refined, explicit analytical concepts for the identification and differentiation of various types of high conflict cases. Empirically driven social science research can assist mental health professionals, lawyers and the courts in better understanding these cases and providing the most appropriate interventions. As a tentative scheme for differentiating cases, we propose distinguishing between high conflict cases where there is: (1) poor communication; (2) domestic violence; and (3) alienation. Further, there must be a differentiation between cases where one parent is a primary instigator for the conflict or abuse, and those where both parents bear significant responsibility.