涉法信访的价值、成因及改革设想

涉法信访的存在,表明司法的效益不高、权威不强,体现了法制现代化中司法对本土法律文化的背离。文章从实证、法理的双重视角出发,对涉法信访的现实成因及社会背景作了分析,认为涉法信访的消解应从现实出发,采取修改《信访条例》、改革再审制度、纠纷解决机制创新的办法。     

犯罪心理综合动因论的哲学解构

目前影响较大的犯罪心理成因的综合动因论,既有科学、合理之处,又存在有待研究、探讨的问题。从哲学的角度,结合法律实践,予以哲学的解构,这将有利于惩罚和预防犯罪,这将有利于社会治安的综合治理。     

对十八起未破命案的反思

本文从出租车命案侵害客体、对象和命案犯罪主体及侦破主体等角度出发,较为全面地反思和总结了兰州市公安局交通治安分局2000￣2005年18起未破命案积案的成因。     

未成年人犯罪的成因、矫治与预防

青少年是国家的未来和希望,青少年的状况关乎国家的前途和命运。但改革开放的社会主义市场经济形势,形成了社会经济的多元化和道德水准的多层次化,使未成年人在成长中面临的社会环境更加复杂。由于青少年身心发育的不成熟性、不稳定性,使他们极易在社会化过程中接受错误、消极的影响,形成犯罪心理,进而可能实施犯罪行为。未成年人犯罪作为一种复杂的社会现象,决定了预防和减少青少年犯罪是一个宏大的社会系统工程,需要家庭、学校、社会“三位一体”教育和给予更多的关心、帮助。     

影响指纹自动识别系统运行效益的原因与对策

作者根据自身工作实践,对几年来使用指纹自动识别系统的情况进行了深刻、全面的总结和分析,剖析了制约系统充分发挥作用的一些主、客观因素,并提出了解决问题的对策,以供同行参考。     

司法腐败的成因及对策

司法腐败是各种腐败现象中的要害和核心 ,是滋生和助长其他腐败的温床。司法腐败之所以能存在 ,是司法权力的行使者将司法权力据为私有 ,以权谋私 ,权钱交换 ,从而产生异化与腐败。反对司法腐败既要抓防又要抓治 ,尤其要注意加强民主权力对司法权力行使的制约 ,加强司法权依法行使的保障机制 ,强化司法廉政的监督制约机制 ,提高司法队伍的素质 ,增强司法人员的社会公仆意识 ,同时 ,必须坚定不移地坚持党的领导。     

Understanding parrot trafficking between illicit markets in Bolivia: an application of the CRAVED model

The CRAVED model has been used to understand theft variation in a whole host of hot products, including wildlife. Past research, however, has only applied the model at either the theft or illicit market stage to understand why particular products are stolen in high numbers. The CRAVED model has yet to be applied to the trafficking stage of hot products smuggled between illicit markets and, therefore, its applicability at this particular stage remains unknown. Using secondary data from the Los Pozos wildlife market in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, this study applies the CRAVED model to explain why parrot species are trafficked between illicit markets in Bolivia. This research finds that species that are more “available” and less “valuable” are more likely to be trafficked between illicit markets, suggesting that variation at the trafficking stage of the parrot trade can be explained by nearly the same CRAVED concepts as they do at the poaching stage. This study also finds that one-quarter of parrots in the Los Pozos market are trafficked to other cities, of which 99% are to the city of Cochabamba. These findings suggest that shutting down illicit markets and patrolling major roadways between cities can substantially reduce the illegal parrot trade.     

An overview of seized illegal wildlife entering the United States

The current study analyses seizures made at US ports of entry between 2003 and 2013, with the aim to identify concentrations of illegal wildlife imports into the United States. Findings show that 94% of species seized belong to six groups – mammals, molluscs, birds, reptiles, fish and coral – with mammals and reptiles making up more than half of all seizure incidents. Additionally, most seized wildlife is imported as leather products, medicinal products and as meat. The majority of seizures emanate from six countries, and illegal wildlife is primarily brought to the US via airline baggage. Temporal trends of wildlife seizures point to increases in the seizures of all groups of species, with the exception of birds. Based on these findings, we recommend using situational crime prevention techniques at US ports of entry to reduce opportunities that enable this trade.     

我国同种数罪处罚方法通说的内在矛盾及其解决

我国同种数罪处罚方法存在的问题,源于我国刑法制度层面的冲突,主要表现为我国数罪并罚制度与刑法规定的法定刑之间的冲突,数额犯、数量犯的大量存在使这种冲突表现得直观和明显。在现有的刑法规定之下,任何解决方案都无法从根本上解决问题。笔者认为,应该把同种数罪处罚问题的解决,放在我国刑罚制度改革的整体中予以考虑,以期在我国的刑罚制度改革中加以彻底解决。     

刑事错案形成的心理原因

刑事错案的成因包括直接原因、环境原因和心理原因,其中心理原因(主要表现为包括"遂道视野"、"证实偏差"等在内的各种心理偏差)对错案的形成有更根本的影响。绝大多数直接原因,如刑讯逼供、隐瞒有利于犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的证据、忽视辩护律师的合理意见等等,都是各种心理偏差的外在表现。而绝大多数环境原因,如不合理的考核方式、司法经费不足等等,之所以会导致错案,主要是因为它们强化了这些心理偏差。根据这些心理偏差对错案形成的可能影响,可以在心理学层面总结出刑事错案的形成过程及规律,而我国近年来纠正的22起刑事错案可以为此提供验证。我国有必要完善当前的刑事司法体制,以减少这些心理偏差对办案人员的影响,进而更有效地防止错案的发生。