氯胺酮致小鼠产生类精神分裂症的行为改变

目的对氯胺酮单次或连续给药后小鼠所产生的类似精神分裂症症状进行观察．以评价不同剂量氯胺酮造模的可行性。方法40只雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为生理盐水对照组、氯胺酮小剂量（25mg／kg）、中剂量（50mg／kg）和大剂量（100mg／kg）组,腹腔注射给药,1次／d,连续7d。观察小鼠的行为学变化。结果单次注射氯胺酮后,大剂量组小鼠有明显的运动亢进、刻板行为及共济失调现象（P〈0．01）;连续注射7d氯胺酮后,中剂量组小鼠出现了运动亢进、刻板行为及共济失调（P〈0．05）,大剂量组小鼠刻板行为及共济失调现象更为显著（P〈0．01）。结论单次或连续注射氯胺酮均可诱导小鼠产生类似精神分裂症的症状,且大剂量时症状更为显著．连续注射后症状更为稳定。     

Photographic Analyses Using Skin Detail of the Hand: A Methodology and Evaluation,

Skin features have been employed by law enforcement agencies for suspect and victim identification. Comparisons of hand have arisen in casework where images have been submitted where a face was not present but a hand was visible. This research utilizes a collection of 128 hands from employees of the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory to examine the frequency and distribution of skin detail on the dorsal surface of the hand. To assess the location of features, the hand was segmented into 14 regions using readily discernible anatomical landmarks. Overall, 2618 pigmented lesions and 92 scars or injuries were documented. When comparing the regions with one another, Regions 1–10 had fewer pigmented lesions than Regions 11–14. There was no pattern to the distribution of scars throughout the regions. The findings presented a foundation for one possible method that may differentiate hands based on the frequency and distribution of such features.     

论双务合同中给付义务的牵连性

双务合同中,当事人所负的给付义务不是独立存在的,而是具有牵连性,亦即目的性的相互依赖性.所谓发生上的牵连性是对合同义务存在或不存在的不准确的表述,不应被确认为牵连性的表现形式.功能上的牵连性是指合同义务在执行中的牵连性,其制度表现包括履行顺序的确定、同时履行抗辩、不安抗辩、特定履行等.条件上的牵连性是指在一方的给付义务消灭的情况下,对方的对待给付义务亦可归于消灭.此种牵连性是法定解除制度的学理基础.     

论社会转型时期的价值冲突

价值冲突是社会转型过程中的必然现象.社会转型过程中社会存在的变化、利益格局的调整、多元价值的存在、人的存在方式的改变等是引起价值冲突的主要原因.转型时期价值冲突的表现形式主要有价值主体之间的矛盾冲突,功利性价值和非功利性价值的矛盾冲突,目的性价值与手段性价值的矛盾冲突,社会主导价值和基础性价值的矛盾冲突以及解释性价值和操作性价值的矛盾冲突等.深刻地认识并合理地处理价值冲突对于社会转型和社会主义市场经济体制建立具有重要意义.     

民俗事象的实物词语化及词语的无标记性论析

民俗区域社会群体文化水平的低下与生存、发展理念多样化的矛盾,使民俗事象的实物词语化成为必要;地理位置、气候条件、地方物产等现实条件和社会群体的认知关联性又使之成为可能。此种倾向有其认知心理动因,表现为"趋向"式和"避让"式;当下城镇年轻知识型群体中出现的个别民俗事象里,看似有标记的词语其实是深层次上的无标记。     

Inter-/Intra-observer Reliability of Hand Assessment Using Skin Detail: A Count-based Method

Skin detail of the hand is used in photographic comparisons, yet its reliability has not been evaluated. This study examines a count-based method for documenting skin features. In Part I, 14 individuals counted skin features on 40 color images of the hand, three of which were repeated. An average correlation value of 0.557 was obtained for interobserver assessment; values ranged from 0.545 to 0.832 for intra-observer assessment. The variation in correlation values for hands suggests that there are certain distinguishing characteristics that increase reliability. In Part II, 17 examiners assessed 20 nonrepeated grayscale images of hands by circling skin features. An average correlation value of 0.674 was obtained, but visual assessment of examiner markings suggested some examiners grouped features whereas others viewed them individually. The results suggest further research is warranted, some hands may be more suitable for comparisons, and a standardized method for examining skin features is needed.     

大鼠皮肤损伤纤维蛋白形成能力荧光法定量研究

本文报告采用荧光分光光度法检测损伤皮肤纤维蛋白形成能力,以探讨生前伤与死后伤的区别及不同存活时间的生前损伤之间的关系。实验结果证明,生前1min至3h的损伤皮肤纤维蛋白形成能力逐渐升高,生前30min损伤与死后伤的形成能力相比有显著差异,形成能力的检出率与死后放置时间长短和温度有关,而与该部位有无尸斑无关。     

大鼠皮肤挫伤修复过程中caspase-6的表达及其时间规律性

目的探讨皮肤挫伤修复过程中,caspase-6在挫伤区及挫伤周边区不同时间表达的变化规律。方法应用免疫组化染色、Westernblot技术显示caspase-6在皮肤挫伤区及挫伤周边区炎性细胞中的阳性表达和激活情况。结果伤后3h,挫伤区内浸润的少量多核粒细胞的胞质中caspase-6呈弱阳性表达,阳性率为(25.78±1.38)%;伤后12h,阳性表达增强明显,阳性率为(47.70±5.14)%;伤后3d,几乎所有多核粒细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞中caspase-6呈强阳性表达,阳性率为(54.58±5.64)%,表达达高峰,以后逐渐下降。Westernblot实验证明,caspase-6酶原表达呈现时间规律性变化。结论大鼠皮肤挫伤修复过程中,caspase-6在挫伤后的炎症反应中发挥重要作用;同时,caspase-6在挫伤区内多核粒细胞、单核细胞及成纤维细胞中的表达呈规律性变化,可对挫伤时间的推断提供参考。     

Estimation of Chronological Age from Postmortem Tissues Based on Amino Acid Racemization

Skin and cartilage tissue specimens from 32 male and 13 female corpses aged between 17 and 50 years were collected within 24 h after the death. Each specimen was analyzed for the composition of dextro (D) and levo (L) forms of aspartate, glutamate, and alanine. Linear regression models were constructed using ln [(1 + D/L)/(1 ? D/L] equation to define the relationship between the extent of racemization and the chronological age. Aspartate D/L rates from cartilage showed high correlation (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, n = 45). Aspartate D/L rates from skin showed very low correlation (r = 0.356, p < 0.002, n = 44). The multilinear regression model of both aspartate D/L rates of cartilage and skin tissues in 44 cases yielded a coefficient of r = 0.828 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, only racemization rate of Aspartate both in the skin and the cartilage tissues correlated with the chronological age. Our results may imply that the age can be estimated more precisely if two different tissue specimens are obtained from one corpse.     

The detection of metallic residues in skin stab wounds by means of SEM-EDS: A pilot study

The morphological analysis of stab wounds may often not be accurate enough to link it with the type of wounding weapon, but a further evaluation may be performed with the search for metallic residues left during the contact between the instrument and the skin. In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was applied to the study of cadaveric stab wounds performed with kitchen knives composed of iron, chromium and nickel, in order to verify the presence of metallic residues on the wound's edge. Two groups of 10 corpses were selected: group A, including victims of stab wounds and a control group B (died of natural causes). Samplings were performed on the lesions and in intact areas of group A, whereas in group B sampling were performed in non-exposed intact skin. Samples were then analysed with optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. In group A, optical microscopic analysis showed the presence of vital haemorrhagic infiltration, while SEM-EDS showed evidence of microscopic metal traces, isolated or clustered, consisting of iron, chromium and nickel. Moreover, in two cases organic residues of calcium and phosphate were detected, as a probable sign of bone lesion. Control samples (group A in intact areas and group B), were negative for the search of exogenous material to optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. The results show the utility and possible application of the SEM-EDS in theidentification of metallic residues from sharp weapons on the skin.