You're OK,I'm OK: The Self-Presentation of Affective Reactions to Deprivation

Two experiments compared public and private reports of affective reactions to deprivation. In Experiment 1, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their resentment about poor marks in a course; they had previously been led to believe that another participant was either angry or not angry about his/her marks. Participants' ratings of resentment were more affected by the other participant's alleged emotions in a public than in a private reporting condition. In Experiment 2, employed adults completed a questionnaire concerning their affective reactions to the lack of day care facilities available for working parents; they had previously been led to believe that the experimenter was either upset or not upset about the facilities. When respondents' answers were public, their ratings of resentment were affected by the experimenter's alleged emotions, whereas under conditions of private responding, there was no effect of the experimenter's alleged emotions. Taken together, these experiments provide initial evidence that self-presentation motives can influence reports of affective reactions to deprivation. In particular, our data show that self-presentation can induce a matching strategy whereby public expressions of resentment mirror the expressions of salient others. Two experiments compared public and private reports of affective reactions to deprivation. In Experiment 1, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their resentment about poor marks in a course; they had previously been led to believe that another participant was either angry or not angry about his/her marks. Participants' ratings of resentment were more affected by the other participant's alleged emotions in a public than in a private reporting condition. In Experiment 2, employed adults completed a questionnaire concerning their affective reactions to the lack of day care facilities available for working parents; they had previously been led to believe that the experimenter was either upset or not upset about the facilities. When respondents' answers were public, their ratings of resentment were affected by the experimenter's alleged emotions, whereas under conditions of private responding, there was no effect of the experimenter's alleged emotions. Taken together, these experiments provide initial evidence that self-presentation motives can influence reports of affective reactions to deprivation. In particular, our data show that self-presentation can induce a matching strategy whereby public expressions of resentment mirror the expressions of salient others.     

Oxygen-Glucose deprivation-induced dynamic changes of MAP-2 in cultured rat cortical neuronsCSCD

Objective: To study the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and morphological changes of cultured rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Methods: Cortical neurons were isolated from P1 ∼ 2 neonatal Wistar rat cerebral cortices and cultured in OGD medium. MAP-2 expression and morphological changes of the cultured neurons were investigated by Western Blotting and under inverted microscope. Results: Without OGD injury, the cultured neuron had round or elliptical cell body with long intact dendrites. The neurons remained round with short dendrites at 1h post-OGD, while wrinkled with few dendrites at 6h and 12h post-OGD; the neurons partly recovered and some dendrites reappeared at 24h post-OGD. Western Blotting showed MAP-2 protein decreased 1h post-OGD, reached the minimal level at 12h, and then increased at 24h post-OGD. There was no significant difference between MAP-2 expressed at 6h post-OGD and 12h post-OGD. Conclusion: After moderate OGD injury, cultured rat cortical neurons demonstrate time-dependent MAP-2 expression and morphological changes.     

Querying the resilient local authority: the question of ‘resilience for whom?’

ABSTRACT

Analysis of how English local authorities (LAs) have fared post large cuts to their funding by the Coalition and now Conservative governments indicates a considerably resilient organisation. Engaging with recent critical strands in the resilience literature this paper, however, queries that resilient LA account. Better consideration of resilience’s repercussions across the landscape of local services provision is needed. The question of ‘resilience for whom?’, drawn from the conceptual literature, is introduced and frames an exploration of the experiences of LA resilience strategies among small charities in deprived areas of London. Deleterious dimensions of resilience are seen in its distancing and de-coupling effects and associated voluntary provider fading. There are losers and a dark underside to explore. Such perspectives add to the local government and austerity scholarship insight as to the noted ‘austerity puzzle’ and a questioning of its tendency towards a ‘great survivor’ account.     

夜间不明原因猝死综合征和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系的研究进展

夜间不明原因猝死综合征一直是法医学研究的难点,近年来分子遗传学的发展促进了其病因学研究,但仍有大部分案例病因不明。睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是一种常见的睡眠障碍性疾病,其中以阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征最为常见。近年来,国内外研究表明阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与心血管疾病的发生密切相关,可以导致心律失常甚至引起猝死。本文主要综述了夜间不明原因猝死综合征与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征之间的关系,从而为不明原因猝死的发病机制提供新的思路。     

Potentially Lethal Behaviors Associated With Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Review of the Literature and Forensic Implications

Abstract:  Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by loss of the muscle atonia of REM sleep, with release of complex and violent behaviors that are often attempted dream-enactments. This study reviewed the literature on RBD with regard to potentially lethal behavior. A total of 39–41 clinical cases of RBD associated with potentially lethal behaviors to self and/or others were found, involving a child and adults of all age groups, that manifested as choking/headlock ( n  = 22–24), defenestration/near-defenestration ( n  = 7), and diving from bed ( n  = 10). A total of 80.8% ( n  = 21) were males; 19.2% ( n  = 5) were females; mean age was 65.6 ± (SD) 13.8 years (range: 27–81 years, and a child). (Gender/age data were not listed in the remaining cases.) An etiologic association of RBD with a neurologic disorder (or with pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders, n  = 4) was present in 21–23 patients. Thus, RBD carries well-documented, potential forensic consequences during RBD episodes that could possibly have been misinterpreted as suicidal or homicidal behavior.     

The Relationship Between Deprivation and Forensic Opportunities with Stolen Vehicles

Abstract:  Collection and interpretation of forensic intelligence (primarily through DNA and fingerprint identifications) is an integral part of the investigation of criminal offenses ranging from burglary and vehicle crime to major crime. The forensic contribution depends not only on the successful recovery of material, but also the ability to identify potential offenders and apply this intelligence to solve the crime. This study examines burglary and vehicle crimes investigated by Northamptonshire Police (U.K.) by analyzing relationships between deprivation of a crime location and the recovery and identification of DNA and fingerprint material. The results show that, for stolen vehicles, although significantly more forensic material (both DNA and fingerprints) is recovered and identified in more deprived neighborhoods, this does not lead to a corresponding increase in solved cases. These findings are considered in relation to previous studies, which have advocated the prioritization of resources at crime scenes most likely to yield forensic material.     

肿瘤伴失眠患者的热敏腧穴分布情况及热敏灸临床疗效观察

目的 观察热敏灸和口服艾司唑仑治疗肿瘤患者失眠的临床疗效,统计肿瘤伴失眠患者高频热敏化腧穴分布。方法 将70例肿瘤伴失眠患者随机分为对照组35例和试验组35例。对照组采用口服艾司唑仑治疗方案,该组于药物治疗展开前进行1次热敏化腧穴探查,并对热敏化腧穴予以记录;试验组进行热敏化腧穴探查并记录其热敏化腧穴后,依据探查结果选取灸感较好的两个穴位进行为期2周、每日1次的热敏灸治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)评分,治疗后以及随访时基于两组患者PSQI评分进行疗效比较。结果 两组患者治疗后PSQI评分均较治疗前显著减少(P<0.05);两组患者随访时PSQI评分以及治疗前与随访时PSQI评分的差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后SAS评分、SDS评分均较治疗前显著减少(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后SAS评分、...     

Violent and Nonviolent Misconduct Among Female Inmates: An Exploration of Competing Theories

Extant literature on prison misconduct focuses primarily on male inmates or pooled samples of male and female inmates. Moreover, this research typically combines several types of misconduct into one global measure. To add to the literature, the current study gathered self-report data from over 300 female inmates to explore the impact of variables from three different theoretical perspectives upon four types of misconduct (i.e., physical assaults, nonviolent sexual activity, drug/alcohol, and property). Results show that importation and social control variables predict all types of misconduct, whereas deprivation variables provided some modest support for sexual misconduct and property misconduct.     

Punishment and Bad Upbringing

This article examines whether bad upbringing (or what is sometimes called a “rotten social background”) affects just or deserved punishment. There are two possible rationales for this claim. First, it may be argued that an offender’s blameworthiness for his choice to offend is reduced if he had a bad upbringing; second, it may be argued that fairness requires us to impose a less severe punitive burden on an offender with a bad upbringing, even if he is no less blameworthy for his crime. The article rejects both of these rationales.     

Sleep apnea as a possible factor contributing to aggression in sex offenders

Sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), are often unrecognized and undertreated. A disruption in normal sleep may be associated with increased irritability and aggression. To elucidate further the impact of OSA on hostility of forensic patients, we performed a retrospective chart review of 10 consecutive outpatient sex offenders who were diagnosed with OSA and treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire was compared pre- and posttreatment. Following treatment, the total Buss-Perry score was significantly lower, with lower scores on the anger, physical aggression, hostility, and verbal aggression subscales. These results suggest that in sex offenders suffering from OSA, aggression and hostility may be significantly reduced through CPAP treatment. Further investigation is required to investigate if reducing aggression and hostility in this manner impacts recidivism and overall functioning.