A Test of the Revised Auricular Surface Aging Method on a Modern European Population

The accurate age estimation of adults is an important step in the construction of the biological profile of skeletonized remains. The auricular surface of the ilium as it was developed in 1985 by Lovejoy et al., is one of the methods employed for age estimation. This study presents the results of a blind test of the revised auricular surface aging method developed by Buckberry and Chamberlain. A sample of 120 individuals from the Athens Collection was used to test this revised aging technique. Almost all features and composite score were positively correlated with known age‐at‐death. The calculation of bias demonstrated no obvious trend for either overestimation or underestimation of age when all individuals were pooled together. Inaccuracy showed that absolute errors of estimated ages against known ages are substantial. The data generated from this study suggest that the revised method can be reliable for age estimation on a modern European population.     

“502”胶和碘熏法显现皮制品表面潜手印的研究

使用"502"胶法、碘熏法、先"502"胶后碘熏法、先碘熏后"502"胶法及"502"胶和碘共同熏显法五种方法分别显现深色和浅色皮制品表面的潜手印,结果发现"502"胶法对深色皮制品表面潜手印的显现效果良好,"502"胶和碘共同熏显法对浅色皮制品表面潜手印的显现效果良好,为皮制品表面潜手印的显现提供了条件。     

PRRSV GP3蛋白和PCV-2Cap蛋白在杆状病毒囊膜表面的共展示及展示蛋白的小鼠免疫试验

为了研制以杆状病毒表面展示系统为基础的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪圆环病毒病双价基因工程亚单位疫苗,利用杆状病毒表面展示技术构建展示猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP3蛋白和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒BacSC-Dual-ORF3-ORF2,并对该重组病毒进行Western-blot分析、激光共聚焦显微镜观察、免疫金电子显微镜检测、动物免疫试验、血清中和试验以及淋巴细胞增殖试验。结果显示,重组杆状病毒表达了重组GP3蛋白和Cap蛋白;该重组杆状病毒感染昆虫细胞Sf-9后在细胞膜上展示了重组GP3蛋白和Cap蛋白,并且重组蛋白展示在杆状病毒囊膜上。动物免疫试验表明,重组杆状病毒免疫小鼠产生了抗PRRSV和抗PCV-2的特异性抗体,免疫小鼠血清中抗PRRSV和抗PCV-2的中和抗体效价分别达到1∶9.6和1∶13.6。淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,该重组杆状病毒能诱发较强的细胞免疫应答。结果表明,表面展示PRRSV GP3蛋白和PCV-2Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒已构建成功,这为下一步应用该重组杆状病毒作为双价亚单位疫苗预防PRRSV和PCV-2的共感染奠定了基础。     

Tape Lift Sampling of Chemical Threat Agents

Commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) materials were evaluated as surface samplers for the Department of Homeland Security Chemical Forensics Program. The program helps evidence collectors identify trace chemical residues at incident scenes. COTS items are widely available, produced in large lots, and with strict controls. Chemical attribution signatures were collected from common surfaces. Eight tape lift candidates were considered, five were chosen based on performance and tested for analytical interferences and extraction efficiencies with 14 chemicals. Three products (duct tape, print lifters, command strips) were evaluated for uptake from common interior surfaces (glass, tile, ABS plastic). Duct tape provided highest recoveries across all surfaces. Even the most volatile analytes were detected in the ABS plastic samples (nondetections in others), regardless of tape lift material used. The porous plastic substrate provides better target retention than glass and tile surfaces. Forensic field operators should sample surfaces made of ABS plastic (keyboards, remotes, phones, etc.) whenever possible.     

指纹拼接方法新探

指纹拼接方法是建立于对圆柱形客体上指纹进行分段拍摄并在计算机中利用PhotoShop_cs软件进行拼接的方法。其方法是选取几种不同曲率的圆柱形物体,在每一种客体上沿着圆柱面展开的方向捺印一枚指纹,采用近距摄影方法记录其上的指纹。用上述方法对曲率较小客体上的指纹可以一次拍摄下来,对于曲率较大客体上指纹进行分段拍摄并在计算机中拼接,可以得到完整清晰的指纹图像。     

A Comparison of Different Age Estimation Methods of the Adult Pelvis

The adult human pelvis is useful to estimate age because it contains three age indicators—the pubic symphysis, auricular surface, and acetabulum. This study tested the accuracy, inaccuracy, and bias of age estimation from the Suchey‐Brooks pubic symphysis, Osborne auricular surface, Rissech and Calce acetabulum aging methods, and a summary age of these indicators. The study sample consisted of 212 White individuals with known age and sex from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. The Rissech method performed the best, was the most accurate method with smallest inaccuracy and bias, followed by the Osborne, Suchey‐Brooks, summary age, and then Calce methods. Though the Pearson correlation showed only the Suchey‐Brooks method to correlate significantly with known age, it is likely the Suchey‐Brooks study sample coincidentally reflected the age distribution of this test sample. Results suggested that Bayesian prediction may improve age estimation and should be applied to other age indicators.     

Age at Death Estimation Using Multislice Computed Tomography Reconstructions of the Posterior Pelvis*

Abstract: Thanks to recent advances, computed tomography is now seen as a tool of great value in the field of physical anthropology. In this study, we focused on the posterior pelvis and the auricular surface and evaluated the accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the auricular surface, using a methodology derived from a previous study by Lovejoy et al. We also looked for trabecular bone criteria expressing age‐related changes. Forty‐six coxal bones were scanned, and scoring of macroscopic criteria showed a good agreement between 3D reconstructions and photographs, especially for transverse organization (k = 0.90). The changes occurring in the posterior part of the sacropubic trabecular bundle were evaluated on CT reconstructions via three new criteria, which exhibited a good intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement (k = 0.77–0.89), and were particularly useful in identifying older subjects. We concluded that these CT‐evaluated trabecular bone criteria are promising and yield useful information about age at death.     

Determining the Effectiveness of Noncontact Three-Dimensional Surface Scanning for the Assessment of Open Injuries

Noncontact three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning methods are used within forensic medicine to record traumas and other related findings. A structured light scanning technique is one of these methods and the most suitable for the forensic field. An assessment of the efficiency of different structured light scanners with forensic injuries is essential to validate this technique for wound documentation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of the HP structured light scanner Pro S3 for digitizing open injuries having complicated areas and depths. Fifteen simulated injuries on mannequins were scanned and assessed. Comparisons between 3D and direct wound measurements were made. The results showed that the technique was able to create detailed 3D results of the extensive injuries. Statistical significance tests revealed no difference between the two measurement methods. Because the scanner is applicable for routine work, it should be considered to confirm the same results on real cadavers and actual wounds.     

Digital reconstruction of fragmented tooth remains in forensic context

Forensic odontology majorly focuses on the identification of victims through the analyses of oral and para-oral structures.Exposure to high temperatures and trauma can occur in mass disasters and may lead to the fracturing and fragmentation of teeth.These fragments may become very fragile and easily damaged while handling.Conventional methodologies such as the use of transparent nail polish,hair spray,cyanoacrylate or adhesives have been used to stabilise the fragmented pieces.This study introduces a new and innovative digital technique that utilises three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS)and rapid prototyping techniques to reconstruct fractured portions of the teeth.The results of qualitative congruency analysis suggest that over all variance of morphological error(0.0526±0.05)mm.These results imply that the reconstructed 3D model can be used for various morphometric analyses.     

Box-Benhken响应面法优化超声提取天冬中皂苷的工艺

目的 优化天冬中皂苷的超声提取工艺,为质量检测提供基础。方法 以紫外可见分光光度法测定天冬中皂苷的含量,并比较菝葜皂苷元与薯蓣皂苷元对照品与天冬样品的最大吸收波长,采用单因素实验法及Box-Benhken响应面法设计天冬皂苷的超声提取实验,并对Box-Benhken响应面模型进行方差分析。结果薯蓣皂苷元的最大吸收波长与天冬样品最大吸收波长相近。响应面分析的最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度为48%,液料比为50 mL/g,超声时间为61 min。天冬皂苷的含量预测值为5.10%,验证试验的天冬皂苷含量的平均值为5.07%。结论 选择薯蓣皂苷元作为对照品,可以较好地反映天冬皂苷含量水平。响应面法建立的天冬皂苷含量模型具有良好的实际指导意义,可作为进一步研究天冬的实验基础。