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931.
Bruno Verschuere Katarzyna Uzieblo Maarten De Schryver Hester Douma Thomas Onraedt Geert Crombez 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2014,25(6):705-713
The possibility to assess psychopathy through self-report is debated, amongst others, because psychopathic individuals may deliberately underreport psychopathic features (fake good). Meta-analytic research has shown an inverse relation between faking good and self-reported psychopathy, possibly indicating that faking good lowered psychopathy scores (response bias). Low faking good scores, could, however, also reflect true variance in psychopathic personality to the extent that it reflects a disregard of social conventions. Through a secondary analysis (n = 675), we show that controlling for faking good significantly weakens, rather than strengthens, the associations between psychopathy scores and antisocial behavior (alcohol and drug abuse, indirect aggression, and delinquency). These findings indicate that the inverse relation between faking good and self-reported psychopathy reflects true variance in psychopathy personality (i.e. low social desirability), not a response bias. 相似文献
932.
新《刑事诉讼法》确立了非法证据排除的基本制度具有进步意义,但是,从立法的层面看,由于立法的粗疏,对于非法证据的概念不详,范围不清,必然会造成法律适用的不统一;非法证据排除主体的多元化,看似严密了法网的同时也存在不少弊端;非法证据排除制度设计缺乏必要的救济程序,又会使权利享有者陷入维权的尴尬;侦查人员出庭作证只具有形式上的价值,对于非法取证的证明无实质意义.从法社会学角度看公检法三机关相互配合、相互制约、流水线式的诉讼模式,重实体轻程序观念的根深蒂固,维稳压倒一切的公共政策等挤压了该制度的生存空间. 相似文献
933.
The strong correlation between measures of personal and peer deviance occurs with near “law‐like” regularity. Yet, as with other manifestations of peer similarity (often referred to as homophily), the mechanisms generating this relationship are widely debated. Specific to the deviance literature, most studies have failed to examine, simultaneously, the degree to which similarity is the consequence of multiple causes. The current study addresses this gap by using longitudinal network data for 1,151 individuals from the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR) School Project. Structural equation modeling is used to address these issues by adapting Jussim and Osgood's ( 1989 ) model of deviant attitudes in dyadic pairs to the current data. Across two separate behavioral domains (substance use and property offending), the results provide strong support for the prediction that individuals project their own deviant tendencies inaccurately onto their peers. Conversely, the results provide little or no support for the predictions that respondents accurately perceive their peers’ deviance or that their perceptions of peer deviance influence their own behavior. Implications for understanding the role of peer behavior in the etiology of adolescent deviance are discussed. 相似文献
934.
ROBERT AGNEW 《犯罪学》2014,52(1):1-32
Most leading crime theories and crime‐control policies are based on the assumption that people are self‐interested. But recent work in a variety of fields has challenged this assumption, suggesting that people are both self‐interested and socially concerned. Social concern involves biologically based inclinations that sometimes lead people to give more consideration to others than to their own interests. These inclinations include caring about others, forming close ties to and cooperating with others, following certain moral intuitions, and conforming. This article describes the nature of and evidence for social concern, as well as the ways in which social factors shape social concern. The article then presents a theory of social concern and crime. Social concern has direct, indirect, mediating, and conditioning effects on crime. Although social concern generally reduces the likelihood of crime, it has little effect on or increases crime under certain conditions. 相似文献
935.
DANIEL T. RAGAN 《犯罪学》2014,52(3):488-513
The association between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior is among the most consistent findings in the criminological literature, and several recent studies have raised the standards for determining the nature and extent of peer influence. Despite these advances, however, key questions about how deviant behavior is socially transmitted remain unresolved. In particular, much of the research examining peer influence has been limited to peer behavior, despite a rich literature supporting the salience of beliefs, such as expectations and moral approval, in shaping behaviors. In the current study, I model the peer influence and selection processes with longitudinal social network analysis to reexamine the contributions of peer beliefs and behaviors to adolescent drinking. I find evidence that beliefs related to peer drinking have both a direct and an indirect impact on behavior and play an important role in the friendship selection process. These results highlight the importance of understanding how peers influence deviant behavior and suggest that peer beliefs are an important part of this relationship. 相似文献
936.
社会资本:民族区域自治的元制度分析--兼谈民族区域自治的善治问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
社会资本作为民族区域自治的元制度,其信任、规范和网络是建立和维护民族区域自治社会秩序的一种极为重要的工具,也是整合民族区域自治的社会"粘合剂".然而,社会资本也会在一定层面上阻碍民族区域自治的良好发展.民族区域自治善治的根本在于引导社会资本的再生产. 相似文献
937.
对长期统治中国环保工作的思想体系,即"环保靠政府"、环保工作要以"政府直接控制为主"提出了质疑,建议代之以新的适应市场经济体制的思想体系. 相似文献
938.
俞绍宏 《安徽警官职业学院学报》2004,3(3):90-92
关于汉字的性质,基于不同的界定标准,学术界没有一致的看法.文字的形体与其所指称的语言单位音、意联系的层次性是界定文字性质的根本标准.形体与其所指称的语言单位意义直接发生联系的文字是表意字;形体与其所指称的语言单位读音直接发生联系的文字是表音字.汉字是表意字. 相似文献
939.
有关存款保险制度若干问题的法律研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
存款保险制度是当今国际金融监管的通行做法,对于保护小额存款人的利益、维护金融秩序的稳定有着积极的作用。从存款保险的基本理论和制度比较两方面入手,指出一个科学合理的存款保险制度设计有助于上述功能的实现,并对构成其主要内容的各个要素进行阐述;随后对有关国家和国际组织关于存款保险制度的立法和实践作比较性评介;最后结合我国国情提出我国建立存款保险制度的立法构想。 相似文献
940.
Alison Tarrant 《社会福利与家庭法律杂志》2020,42(3):281-298
ABSTRACT Personal budgets have been heavily promoted in government policy in England as a means of increasing the personalisation of public services, particularly in the field of adult social care. The Care Act 2014 for the first time creates a statutory requirement for personal budgets to be allocated to all individuals using state funded social care. This article examines how a particular rhetoric has developed in social care policy around personal budgets, which draws freely on the language of the disabled people’s movement and suggests that grassroots ideas are the central purpose for the introduction of personal budgets into policy. It considers whether the promises made in policy are embedded in the 2014 Act and finds that there is a mismatch between claims in social care policy on the one hand and the model of personal budgets created by the 2014 Act on the other. It concludes that the policy rhetoric around personal budgets directly appropriates the language and ideas of the disabled people’s movement while promoting a wholly distinct agenda of public sector marketisation. 相似文献