THE PRIVATIZATION OF VIOLENCE*

Norbert Elias's (1939) work on “the civilizing process” highlighted the long‐term decline in violence within Western societies. A substantial amount of more recent anthropological and historical evidence suggests that violence has evolved not just quantitatively but qualitatively as well. In particular, the social characteristics of the parties to violence have changed over time. Drawing on Donald Black's (1976, 1993a) theoretical ideas on conflict management, the present paper proposes that as intimate social ties weakened and the state strengthened, collective and nonintimate forms of (nonpolitical) violence declined significantly. Consequently, violence increasingly became less public, more private. Pockets of residual public violence can, however, still be found within modern state societies. Privatization varies, then, across time and social space.     

涉税犯罪案件的社会机理和成本防控

犯罪现象与社会发展动态密不可分,涉税犯罪案件也不例外,甚至在经济犯罪领域,社会要素与犯罪行为的相互作用过程更为突出。涉税犯罪案件的社会机理是以“税务服从”为逻辑起点,以个体意识、制度构建、规范践行、当局形态为要素的公众模式。成本干预最优化的防控策略,是设法通过对上述四个社会要素的合理资源投入,达到降低税务管理成本,加大涉税犯罪人的犯罪成本,使之承受因为涉税犯罪活动而得不偿失的压力,最终达到抑制涉税犯罪活动的目的,其措施包括发挥媒体教化作用引导、构建税务与警务部门的轻微涉税违法案件信息共享平台、提高经济专业知识等。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Robert Barros, Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: Pinochet, the Junta and the 1980 Constitution
Barry Ames, The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil
Christina Biebesheimer and Francisco Mejia (eds), Justice beyond our borders: judicial reforms for Latin America and the Caribbean
Jacobo Timerman, Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number
Rafael Hernández and John H. Coatsworth, Culturas Encontradas: Cuba y los Estados Unidos
Terence N. D'Altroy, The Incas
Anibal González, Killer Books: Writing, Violence and Ethics in Modern Spanish American Narrative
Efrain Kristal, Invisible Work: Borges and Translation
Beatriz Sarlo, Scenes from Postmodern Life     

Preserving the Identity Crisis: Autonomy,System and Sovereignty in European Law

This article uses Hans Kelsen's theory of a legalsystem to take a fresh look at European Community law,and the relationship between the European Community,its Member States, and international law. It arguesthat the basis of the Community's legal legitimacy isindeterminate, and offers a model to accommodate thatindeterminacy. This model is founded on aconstructivist approach suggested to be particularlyuseful in the EC context. Using this approach, it isargued that the concepts of system, autonomy andsovereignty in the Community can only be understoodthrough the recognition of a plurality of viewpoints,and that it is crucial, in describing the Community,to distinguish between a concept per se and thechoice to adopt that concept.     

简论色彩的翻译

本文通过对色彩翻译的例证进行分析,指出尽管从物理学角度来说,同样的色彩具有同样的物理属性.但是,由于各个民族、国家的地理环境、民族心理、宗教信仰等因素的影响,同一种颜色对于不同民族的人所引发的联想和象征意义却不同.我们翻译时不能只局限于概念意义更要注意颜色的社会属性和联想意义.     

Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic Perspective

This paper applies the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making to non-democratic states. Poliheuristic theory asserts that state leaders assign primary importance to their political survival; however, the meaning of "the political" varies dramatically from country to country. Furthermore, the types of actors who hold leaders politically accountable also vary between countries. Consequently, leaders often pursue vastly different means of ensuring their political survival. The author uses the common distinction between single-party, military, and personalist autocracies to show that apparently arbitrary differences in autocratic leaders' political concerns actually vary in systematic and potentially predictable ways. Because this argument is generalized to non-democratic states as a whole, it has important implications for the ways in which democratic states craft their policies toward autocracies.     

从传播学视角看当前高校学报编辑的办刊理念

在当前高校学报改革、发展的形势下,学报编辑特别是地方性、行业性高校学报的编辑,要认识学报的传媒性质,树立受众需求至上、加强问题研究、重视深层传播效果的办刊理念,走内涵式发展的道路.     

新世纪妇女理论研究的视点探析

新世纪妇女理论研究面临的新环境、新课题和新要求 ,要求我国妇女理论研究应关注以下五个问题 :以全球化背景下国际社会普遍面临的妇女问题为核心的共生性问题研究 ;以应对体制转型时期女性突出问题为核心的对策性妇女问题研究 ;以促进妇女权益实现为核心的体制创新性妇女理论研究 ;以实现妇女问题解决为核心的条件性妇女理论研究 ;以探索中国妇女运动发展规律为核心的妇女理论研究     

西部发展中城市治安形势与治安工作探析

城市社会治安随着中国加入WTO和西部大开发的实施,出现了新情况、新问题。公安机关必须更新治安管理理念,调整治安管理模式。强化流动人口对城市的归属感;树立服务为先的治安管理新理念;建立城市社会治安联动机制;提高社会自我防范能力。     

我国目前贫富差距问题略论

中国在社会现代化进程中已经出现了贫富差距问题,且呈扩大趋势。目前,贫富差距表现出扩大化、阶层化、群体化、两极化、政治化的特点。贫富差距的扩大对经济发展、社会秩序、社会稳定构成了极大危害,必须引起高度重视。贫富差距扩大不是改革的结果,而是改革不到位的结果。坚定不移地深化改革,推进社会现代化进程,是解决贫富差距问题的根本途径。