德国社会民主党发展党内民主的经验

德国社会民主党是民族国家范围内建立的第一个以科学共产主义为指导的无产阶级政党。德国社会民主党非常重视党内民主建设,在坚持党代会年会制、健全党内监察制度、实行民主制等方面为各国政党树立了榜样。但是,德国社会民主党只重视组织建设,而忽视了思想建设,使得修正主义、机会主义在党内逐渐泛滥,终于导致1914年党的破产。我们要学习德国社会民主党在组织建设方面的经验,汲取其在思想建设方面的惨痛教训,推进中国共产党党内民主的发展。     

公安教育模式改革思考

从教育价值观的角度看,公安学历教育有其存在的必要性.但公安院校必须审视自己的不足,进行如下一些改革:一是要建立学员淘汰、交流制度,二是要大力完善公安院校和公安实务部门的人事交流制度,三是要挖掘潜力,开发公安院校内部教育资源.     

发展是党执政兴国的第一要务:发展价值的崭新定位

“发展是党执政兴国的第一要务”是以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体在继承第一、二代领导集体关于发展价值定位的历史经验基础上,从党的执政合法性的高度对发展价值做出的科学定位。这无论从物质基础、文化基础,还是从群众基础来看,都有着非常重要的意义。     

西部发展中城市治安形势与治安工作探析

城市社会治安随着中国加入WTO和西部大开发的实施,出现了新情况、新问题。公安机关必须更新治安管理理念,调整治安管理模式。强化流动人口对城市的归属感;树立服务为先的治安管理新理念;建立城市社会治安联动机制;提高社会自我防范能力。     

我国目前贫富差距问题略论

中国在社会现代化进程中已经出现了贫富差距问题,且呈扩大趋势。目前,贫富差距表现出扩大化、阶层化、群体化、两极化、政治化的特点。贫富差距的扩大对经济发展、社会秩序、社会稳定构成了极大危害,必须引起高度重视。贫富差距扩大不是改革的结果,而是改革不到位的结果。坚定不移地深化改革,推进社会现代化进程,是解决贫富差距问题的根本途径。     

民法的法典化

法典编纂是法律文化和法学的最高贡献。法典编纂的动因是多方面的。在德国民法典产生至今的百余年中 ,它都因价值观和秩序观的变化而一直处于变化之中。这些变化在民法典的许多领域中体现出来。立法机关和法院对法律制度的继续发展使民法典具有了适应这些变化的能力     

作为一种制度权利的人权

权利是它的所有者通过法律、道德、秩序或其他形式而获得的有利地位。实证性权利既包括制度性的经验事物如国家和契约,也包括观念性的现实事物如自由和习惯。由于无论国家还是契约,自由还是习惯,都有其不能脱离先在的权利来谈论的局限,因此,权利的来源往往被追溯到具有逻辑先在性的东西那里。传统自然法理论把自然权利看作是实证权利的前提,现代人权理论则否认有脱离制度安排的抽象权利。从地位而不是从来源出发来理解人权,是现代人权概念区别于传统自然权利概念的最大特点。     

我国农村社会保障现状及发展思路初探

农村社会保障体系建设既十分迫切,又非一蹴而就。本文在对当前我国农村社会保障现状及存在问题进行分析的基础上,借鉴国际经验,从我国国情出发,提出了建设我国农村社会保障体系的基本原则和工作思路,重点建立贫困人口生活救助制度,加快推进新型农村合作医疗,稳步探索农村养老保险,积极支持慈善事业发展,提升社会福利水平。     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Integrating societal and psychological rules of entitlement: The basic task of each social actor and fundamental problem for the social sciences

A preliminary statement of a theoretical framework integrating psychological and societal determinants of justice in human affairs is presented. It is proposed that the social structure provides the rules of entitlement and decision making that regulate the course of routine social interaction. These societally based norms are representable in people's conscious thought processes. By contrast, the psychologically generated rules of entitlement, typically contradict conventionally accepted rules of thought and discourse and thus remain unconscious. The major part of the discussion considers the motivationally important circumstances that engage the unconscious psychologically compelling determinants and how their appearance in behavior is both shaped and legitimized by the situationally prevailing normative context. The final section considers some of the more important methodological, theoretical, and social policy implications of this social psychological theory of entitlements.