Voices

正"The countries concerned bear the primary responsibility for the protection of women during conl icts.The international community should fully respect the leading role of these countries and provide constructive support,"Ambassador Liu Jieyi,Permanent Representative of China     

坚持中国特色社会主义发展道路的世界意义

中国特色社会主义发展道路是中国共产党领导人民经过30多年改革开放的实践找到的既切合国情又能实现和平发展的正确发展道路,不仅中国自身因这条道路指引而在改革开放中取得了巨大的成就,并且在当代中国,只有坚定不移地坚持下去,才能实现前进道路上的每一个目标。同时,中国特色社会主义发展道路的成功发展对整个世界社会的发展——对丰富商品经济形态阶段的社会发展模式、丰富社会主义发展的道路模式、正向引导世界社会发展的前进方向也具有极其重要的理论和现实鉴戒意义。     

“双赢”:处理国际关系的新原则

“双赢”是近年来出现的一个新名词 ,它的问世立即引起国内外人士的极大关注 ,并将成为当前处理国际关系的一个重要原则。双赢的产生既是当前世界经济全球化发展的客观反映 ,也是平等互利原则在新形势下的不断深化与发展的结果。双赢原则的实施与运用将有助于协调南北之间的经济矛盾 ,有助于推动国际经济技术的合作与交流 ,有助于巩固 2 1世纪各种形式的战略伙伴关系     

关于工会当前需要认真研究的几个问题

坚持以江泽民同志“七一”重要讲话精神为指导 ,认真研究工会工作中需要解决的理论和现实问题 ,是新形势新任务对工会组织提出的客观要求 ,也是工会履行好维护职工合法权益基本职责的迫切需要。学习贯彻“七一”讲话精神 ,一要认真研究和解决工会履行基本职责需要解决的一系列理论与实际问题 ;二要结合实际 ,深化对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识 ;三要认真研究职工队伍结构的变化 ;四要研究经济全球化条件下的工会工作 ,以使工会在各项工作中开拓创新 ,在党和国家工作大局中发挥更大的作用。     

“三个代表”重要思想与“三个文明”协调发展

"三个代表"重要思想是"三个文明"建设的指导思想,"三个文明"建设是"三个代表"重要思想的重要内容,它们统一于建设中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中.要实践好"三个代表"重要思想,就必须坚持"三个文明"协调发展.     

市场经济发达国家的行业组织和政府的行业管理

本文阐述了市场经济发达国家行业组织的性质、类型和职能 ,市场经济发达国家政府行业管理的本质、特征和作用以及市场经济发达国家行业管理的重要经验。     

Exploring the Justice of Punishments: Framing, Expressiveness, and the Just Prison Sentence

This paper examines views about the justice of punishments for offenders convicted of five major types of offenses—drug, violent, corporate, property, and victimless crimes. We focus on the just punishment and the just dispersion in the punishment distribution, together with observers' framing and expressiveness; and we test for interrespondent differences. Data are drawn from six U.S. samples interviewed in 1982, a probability sample of the adult population of a major city and samples of five special groups, prison inmates, police officers, law-school and high-school students, and Job Corps trainees. Respondents' judgments were obtained using Rossi's factorial survey method. Fictitious offenders were constructed by randomly combining offender, offense, and victim characteristics; and respondents used a line-matching technique to rate the justice of punishments randomly assigned to fictitious offenders. Analysis is guided by the framework for empirical justice analysis, which provides an integrated set of procedures for estimation and testing. Results indicate that respondents in all samples save one disagree with each other on the just punishment; and the six samples yield four distinct average orderings of just prison sentences. However, large majorities in all six samples find the dispersion in the punishments experimentally put into the vignette world to be too small relative to the just dispersion. More broadly, comparing the results obtained here from the probability sample of a major city with results from a comparable study on the justice of earnings, we find two interesting symmetries—approximately 1% of the general population is contrarian, regarding earnings as a bad and time in prison as a good; and approximately 92% to 94% of the population regard earnings inequality as too high and prison-time inequality as too low. Finally, this study provides additional evidence that the general population in the United States exhibits independence of mind informing their ideas about what constitutes the just earnings and the just punishment.     

在WTO框架下建立中国-东盟自由贸易区的法律规划探讨

WTO对区域经济一体化(含自由贸易区)持肯定的态度并有关于货物贸易、服务贸易、发展中国家的优惠待遇等相对完善的规范.中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立应在泛中国自由贸易区的基础上,遵循WTO的义务,利用发展中国家的优惠待遇,在合理的时间内建立和运作.     

The Chocolate Conundrum: A Simple Simulation of a Canonical Management Problem

This article describes an exercise that simulates one of the most famous of all human management problems: the “tragedy of the commons.” Coined by Garret Hardin in 1968, the term refers to any situation in which people acting rationally to meet their individual interests wind up depleting a shared resource to the detriment of all participants. Because these patterns arise in many real‐world situations — from global warming and natural resource management to free‐rider problems in markets and organizations — this exercise may interest a broad range of negotiation scholars, teachers, and practitioners. The Chocolate Conundrum is a simple exercise that uses candy to demonstrate the tension between individual and collective interests that arises in all social dilemmas. Because these dynamics also arise in many real situations, the exercise can be a powerful teaching tool for instructors in management, public policy, sociology, economics, and many other social science disciplines. Unlike some other simulations of collective action problems, this exercise is simple to administer, requires no computation or tallying of results, and works with a broad range of audiences and group sizes.     

论附条件逮捕制度的案件分流功能

附条件逮捕制度的确立加强了逮捕程序的案件分流功能。通过对"基本构成犯罪"和"重大案件"的界定,可以明确逮捕各分流程序的案件范围和适用前提。该制度的案件分流功能具有减少审前羁押、加强对严重犯罪的有效控制和提高审查逮捕效率的作用。一般案件和附条件逮捕案件,适用不同的程序。