Comparison of Rehydration Techniques for Fingerprinting the Deceased after Mummification

Postmortem decay causes fingertip decomposition, desiccation, shriveling, and rigidity, reducing the possibility of obtaining sufficiently clear fingerprints for identification. In this study, five rehydration solutions (ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, urea, and warm water) followed by three fingerprint recording methods (photograph, inking roll, and dusting tape) were investigated to process mummified fingertips from an unidentified cadaver. The results show that sodium carbonate treatment is the most effective for minutiae restoration, followed by ammonium hydroxide treatment. This study also demonstrates that even those fingertips that previously failed in urea solution, 1% potassium hydroxide solution, and warm water treatment could be further improved with sodium carbonate solution to obtain qualified minutiae for fingerprint matching. The optimal procedure is rehydrating the desiccated fingertips with sodium carbonate solution for 24 h followed by dusting the finger and transferring the print to adhesive tape.     

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons is the first social security legislation in China, with more than 50 laws directly related to the legal protection of the rights of persons with disabilities and career development for people with disabilities. In terms of employment protections for people with disabilities, it is important to focus on effective legal implementation, utilizing legal rulings to limit employment discrimination against people with disabilities. Educational protections are an important precondition for enabling people with disabilities to live with dignity; it should be guaranteed that people with disabilities are provided “reasonable accommodation” in educational conditions. A barrier-free environment is a necessary condition for social integration of people with disabilities. At the same time, it also benefits other members of the society such as the elderly. Through rehabilitation and exercise, most people with disabilities can return to the society to a significant degree. China should gradually expand the legislative scope of rehabilitation service fee reductions and legal categories of auxiliary appliances, issuing guiding documents that provide specifications for the relevant “dormant” legal provisions.     

进攻性现实主义与布什政府对朝政策研究现状述评

本文就进攻性现实主义与布什政府对朝政策研究的目的及意义、国内研究现状进行梳理、阐释和评述,认为美国的外交政策是各派的折中产物,都是基于美国的国家利益和对世界局势的综合考虑。进攻性现实主义与美国保守派占上风的布什政府的外交理念相吻合,是“为永葆美国强权开药方”,是布什政府对朝政策的重要理论来源。其研究具有重要的理论和实践价值及自身特点,应在理论与实际“结合”上下工夫。理论与政策实务的结合,理论抑或政策的研究的连续性和整体性以及整体性研究与细节考察等方面是今后进一步研究的空间。     

Forensic applications of sodium rhodizonate and hydrochloric acid: a new histological technique for detection of gunshot residues

Demonstration of the presence of lead residues deriving from gunshot in skin and underlying tissues is essential for the correct forensic analysis of numerous legal cases. Optical microscopy remains the fastest, cheapest diagnostic technique, even though its sensitivity and specificity are poor because of the scarce quantity of histological tissue that can be examined and possible environmental lead pollution. To confirm the presence of lead from gunshot residues, we applied to histological sections of human skin a technique proposed by Owens and George in 1991 for macroscopic detection of lead on the clothing of shooting victims, involving a reaction with sodium rhodizonate and subsequent confirmation by color change on application of HCl. Our results demonstrate the technical possibility of using this macroscopic technique even on histological samples and support the need for further studies on a larger series of cases correlated with the type of ammunition and firing distance.     

湖南非物质文化遗产法律保护的现状与对策

湖南省非物质文化遗产既是湖南社会历史发展的见证,也是我国非常珍贵的历史文化资源。目前湖南省在非物质文化遗产法律保护工作方面法律意识仍然淡薄,政府对其投入的经费较少,保护的工作方式单一,法律保护欠缺,立法层次较低。建议加强宣传建立各种有效的传承机制,制定保护非物质文化遗产的专门法规构,建知识产权法在内的法律保护体系。     

论军事行政问责法律制度

依法对军队中失职的行政人员进行问责,是提高军事行政管理水平,增强部队战斗力的重要保证。然而现行军事行政问责法律制度却存在相关法律规定分散,制度设计陈旧,执行力度较弱等诸多问题。于是,对其进行进一步的研究具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。现从军事行政问责法律制度的历史及现状出发;进而针对存在的问题提出相关完善建议,以求对我军的法治化建设有所裨益;     

头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及相关性质的研究

为了延长头孢噻呋钠的作用时间,采用离子交联法制备头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒,研究其形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药特性。结果显示,经优化工艺所得的纳米粒形态规整,近圆形,平均粒径为179.4±39.5nm,平均包封率为84.31%±2.53%,平均载药量为6.69%±0.18%。体外释放试验表明,原料药在放入释放介质后第4小时释放率达到90%以上,而纳米粒在此时药物仅释放60%。结果表明,该纳米粒制备工艺可行,对头孢噻呋钠具有明显的缓释效果。     

刑事错案预防与纠错机制研究——基于浙江张氏“叔侄强奸案”的启示

法治是文明发展到一定历史阶段的标志,也是衡量一个国家发展水平的重要标尺。而余祥林案、“叔侄强奸案”等错案频频发生,引起人们对公平与正义的深深思考,而错案侵蚀着法治的精神,扭曲了法治的灵魂。在目前的刑事司法体制下,必须通过严格的刑事诉讼程序来保障刑事司法公正。基于人类认识的非至上性,司法实践中错案又不可避免地发生,因此及时纠正刑事错案是刑事司法公正的重要体现。目前我国刑事司法中存在错案发现不自觉、错案纠错不及时、申诉渠道不畅通等问题,严重影响了刑事司法公平和正义。坚持检察机关的法律监督职能,积极推动刑事错案纠错机制建设,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

专家证据评判标准的演进思考

专家证据以其“意见性”和“科学性”吸引了法庭基于维护事实认定独立性忧虑的可采性标准的研究。这一研究对象以实行对抗制庭审模式,存在大量相关证据判例的美国证据规则最具典型性,通过对弗赖伊案、多伯特案以及《联邦证据规则》相关条款的解读、分析及其演进脉络的疏理和反思,探讨蕴含在美国专家证据可采性标准变化规律中的理性因素和思辨精神。对比我国鉴定意见在适用现状和理论研究中的不足,反思我国缺乏鉴定意见科学性评判标准的问题本质,推动相关研究。     

新形势下青少年校外活动场所发展策略研究——以浙江省为例

伴随着教育改革的不断深入,国家基本公共服务规则的出台,青少年校外活动场所的发展迎来了新的发展机遇。文章立足于浙江省的实际情况,分析以青少年宫为代表的浙江省青少年校外活动场所发展现状,探讨新形势下浙江省青少年校外活动场所的发展策略。