检察机关案件质量监督机制论要——以公诉为视角的分析

案件质量是司法公正的生命线,如何健全案件质量监管体系,实现对案件的动态监督、过程控制和质量监控。以达到规范执法行为、促进公正执法的目的,是检察工作亟待解决的重要课题。文章从案件质量监督管理的内涵与设计原则定位出发,对现行制度及实现模式进行审视评析,寻求影响案件质量的制度症结,并以公诉环节的质量管理为视角,提出建构包括建构案件质量监督统筹主体、强化案件质量的预先控制和过程管理等内容的质量监督机制的整体框架。     

Forensic scatology: preliminary experimental study of the preparation and potential for identification of captive carnivore scat

Carnivore scats recovered from animal attack and/or scavenging contexts frequently contain forensic evidence such as human bone fragments. Forensic cases with carnivore involvement are increasingly prevalent, necessitating a methodology for the recovery and analysis of scat evidence. This study proposes a method for the safe preparation of carnivore scat, recovery of bone inclusions, and quantification and comparison of scat variables. Fourteen scats (lion, jaguar, lynx, wolf, and coyote) were prepared with sodium-acetate-formalin fixative; analytical variables included carnivore individual, species, body size, and taxonomic family. Scat variables, particularly bone fragment inclusions, were found to vary among carnivore individuals, families, species, and sizes. The methods in this study facilitate safe scat processing, the complete recovery of digested evidence, and the preliminary identification of involved animals. This research demonstrates that scat collected from forensic contexts can yield valuable information concerning both the victim and the carnivore involved.     

氟乙酰胺类杀鼠药检测方法的研究进展

综述了氟乙酸、氟乙酰胺、氟乙酸钠的检测方法,通过比较发现存在多种柱前衍生化途径,其中采用五氟卞基溴(PFBBr)柱前衍生化进行GC/ECD检测的灵敏度最高检测限可达1.0ng/mL,而气相质谱联用仪、液相质谱联用仪通过子母离子对的检测可进一步确定衍生化产物,离子色谱和毛细管电泳检测可减少衍生化步骤直接对样品中的氟乙酸钠进行检测,但响应值不如气相色谱。     

政府、社会组织合作供给公共服务的困境及趋势

公共服务供给是政府存在的逻辑起点,但是公共事务结构的复杂化和多样化对这种传统模式形成了挑战,合作供给成为了一种现实选择。政府与社会组织合作供给公共服务既有历史基础的沉淀、理论基础的夯实,也有国际经验的充实和技术力量的支撑,这样的选择逻辑为两者的合作提供了现实可能性。但是通过对两者合作现状的评估,发现政府与社会组织合作供给公共服务面临着目标一致困境、监督困境和能力困境,应寻求两者合作的新模式,对其困境进行化解。     

日本的东南亚研究的最新动态——以京都大学东南亚研究所为中心

2009年10月,经日本文部科学省的认定,京都大学东南亚研究所被确认为日本"东南亚研究的国际共同研究中心"。由此,京都大学东南亚研究所逐步开展了以"外派驻在型"、"外聘集中型"、"资源共有型"、"研究开发型"四大研究类型为根本模式的研究,不仅延续了传统的田野调查,还突出了日本自身与外部的学术对话机制,并注重文献资料的共有,研究课题的开发等一系列问题,从而具备了一定的典范意义与参考价值。     

残疾人政治参与权利研究

残疾人政治参与权利的行使对于提高残疾人社会地位和政治地位起着举足轻重的作用。残疾人所享有的包括政治参与权利在内的所有政治权利都应该得到充分的尊重和保障,这是衡量一个国家文明程度的重要标志,也是建设社会主义政治文明和法治国家的必需。     

浅谈基层警务实战训练的现状

笔者从近几年全国大练兵活动的开展以及普及情况谈起,分析了基层公安机关警务技能训练的现状,强调警务实战技能训练对公安民警,尤其是一线民警的重要意义。     

国外反恐怖突击队发展现状

随着恐怖分子对世界各国的威胁越来越严重，国际社会不断加强反恐力量的建设，纷纷建立各具特色的反恐怖突击队，并不断健全和完善世界防恐反恐措施，国际反恐怖突击队的建立和发展，对潜在的恐怖主义和恐怖分子构成了巨大的威慑力。     

GHB free acid: II. Isolation and spectroscopic characterization for forensic analysis

A reference standard for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) free acid is not commercially available, making its analysis in forensic exhibits more difficult. GHB free acid is typically encountered in aqueous solution and in the presence of the lactone, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), presenting difficulty in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The strong infrared (IR) absorptivity of the GBL carbonyl band, the shifting of the GBL carbonyl band in aqueous solutions, and the position of the O-H bend for water can mask the main carbonyl band for GHB free acid. Model solutions of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and GBL were studied in order to further understand the masking of the GHB free acid carbonyl band in FT-IR analysis. The use of second derivative FT-IR spectroscopy was shown to provide resolution of the free acid carbonyl band, and a presumptive test for GHB free acid was developed and applied. An extension of this work included preparing, for use as a standard reference material, small amounts (< or = 10 mg) of GHB free acid. Preparation was based on the instantaneous reaction of GHB's sodium salt with a stoichiometric amount of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution, and subsequent isolation of the free acid in neat liquid form. Both FT-IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the neat reference material were obtained and used to verify its identity. The isolation of GHB free acid from actual forensic exhibits is also presented, with identity confirmation using FT-IR.     

The indirect detection of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in beverages as evidence of product tampering

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) has been identified as the adulterant in a relatively large number of product tamperings that have been investigated by the Forensic Chemistry Center (FCC) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this work, household bleach was added to 23 different beverages at each of three levels. The impact of sodium hypochlorite on these beverages over a 13-day study period was evaluated using the following techniques: diphenylamine spot test for oxidizing agents, potassium iodide-starch test paper for oxidizing agents, pH, iodometric titration for quantitating hypochlorite, ion chromatography for chloride and chlorate quantitation, automated headspace sampling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for determination of chloroform, and visual and organoleptic observations. This study has shown that hypochlorite is fragile when added to most common beverages and typically breaks down either partially or completely over time. In cases where a beverage is suspected of being adulterated with bleach but tests for hypochlorite are negative, it is still possible to characterize the product to demonstrate that the results are consistent with the addition of bleach. An adulterated product will give a positive test for oxidizing agents using the diphenylamine spot test. It is likely that the pH of the adulterated product will be higher than a control of that product. Ion chromatographic analysis shows elevated chloride and chlorate as compared with a control. And, chloroform may also be detected by GC-FID especially if the beverage that was adulterated contains citric acid.