A Case of Fatal Dehydration During Police Custody

In the forensic literature, fatal dehydration predominantly concerns young children or incapacitated elderly persons. The postmortem diagnosis of fatal dehydration can be challenging to confirm, especially if the preceding circumstances are unknown. Here presented is a case of a 23‐year‐old man who died while held in an isolation cell during police custody for 18 days. Autopsy findings were unspecific, but vitreous fluid analysis showed 192 mmol/L sodium, 179 mmol/L chloride, 16 mmol/L potassium, 352 μmol/L (3.98 mg/dL) creatinine, and 81 mmol/L (226.9 mg/dL) urea nitrogen. Based on the findings and circumstances, the cause of death was determined as severe dehydration and manner of death accident. This case illustrates the importance of performing postmortem biochemistry.     

心脏钠通道SCN5A基因突变与致心律失常性疾病

致心律失常性疾病患者死后尸检时心脏没有发现病理学异常的证据,过去都将其归为原因不明的猝死,近年研究显示,很多致心律失常性疾病与心脏钠通道基因(SCN5A)突变相关。本文对钠通道SCN5A基因的基本结构、SCN5A基因突变与几种相关的致心律失常性疾病的相关性等进行了综述,旨在为原因不明猝死的研究提供新思路。     

离子色谱法检验生物检材中的氟乙酰胺（氟乙酸钠）

目的建立离子色谱法定性、定量分析氟乙酰胺(氟乙酸钠)的方法。方法用离子色谱检验生物检材中的氟乙酰胺。结果在生物检材中回收率>90%,得到了氟乙酸钠和氟离子的线性范围分别为500ng/g～20ng/g和1ng/g～1μg/g的线性回归方程,检出限分别为10ng/g和1ng/g,相对偏差均小于1%。结论该方法提取方法简单,可用于办案。     

丁酸钠对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态结构的影响

将12头断奶仔猪分为3个处理组(丁酸钠组:基础日粮 1 g/kg丁酸钠,抗生素组:基础日粮 抗生素,复合组:基础日粮 抗生素 1 g/kg丁酸钠),饲喂4 周后,采用组织学和扫描电镜技术,对仔猪小肠黏膜上皮和杯状细胞的显微和超微结构进行了观察研究。结果显示,各试验组的空肠和回肠黏膜结构完整,层次清晰,肠绒毛排列整齐,柱状细胞结构清晰,丁酸钠组和复合组肠绒毛粗壮,而抗生素组肠绒毛顶端偶见肠上皮脱落,肠绒毛相对较细;各试验组回肠的杯状细胞数量为空肠的1.3~2.2倍,且以复合组的杯状细胞数最多,丁酸钠组次之,抗生素组最少;各试验组空肠和回肠肠上皮表面微绒毛结构清晰,排列整齐,复合组的细胞衣最厚且均匀,丁酸钠组次之,抗生素组较薄。表明,丁酸钠能促进杯状细胞增殖,改善小肠黏膜上皮细胞的形态结构,进而促进仔猪的消化吸收,提高其生产性能,其在这些方面的作用均优于抗生素。     

长期烫吸安钠咖对心理状态的影响

目的:探讨长期烫吸安钠咖对心理状态的影响。方法:采用《精神症状自评量表》(SCL-90)对36例长期烫吸安钠咖者和36例无精神活性物质滥用者(作为对照)进行评估。结果:长期烫吸安钠咖组在总分、总症状指数及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分上与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.001);在阳性症状痛苦水平、恐怖、精神病性三者上两组在统计学上存在差异(P<0.05)。结论:长期烫吸安钠咖能引起明显的心理问题。希望有关部门对安钠咖滥用问题予以注意。     

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of sodium and potassium cyanide as a forensic signature

Sodium and potassium cyanide are highly toxic, produced in large amounts by the chemical industry, and linked to numerous high-profile crimes. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified cyanide as one of the most probable agents to be used in a chemical terrorism event. We investigated whether stable C and N isotopic content of sodium and potassium cyanide could serve as a forensic signature for sample matching, using a collection of 65 cyanide samples. Upon analysis, a few of the cyanide samples displayed nonhomogeneous isotopic content associated with degradation to a carbonate salt and loss of hydrogen cyanide. Most samples had highly reproducible isotope content. Of the 65 cyanide samples, >95% could be properly matched based on C and N isotope ratios, with a false match rate <3%. These results suggest that stable C and N isotope ratios are a useful forensic signature for matching cyanide samples.     

A method for enhancing gunshot residue patterns on dark and multicolored fabrics compared with the modified Griess test

In using infrared or infrared-enhanced photography to examine gunshot residue (GSR) on dark-colored clothing, the GSR particles are microscopically examined directly on the fabric followed by the modified Griess test (MGT) for nitrites. In conducting the MGT, the GSR is transferred to treated photographic paper for visualization. A positive reaction yields an orange color on specially treated photographic paper. The examiner also evaluates the size of the powder pattern based on the distribution of nitrite reaction sites or density. A false-positive reaction can occur using the MGT due to contaminants or dyes that produce an orange cloud reaction as well. A method for enhancing visualization of the pattern produced by burned and partially unburned powder is by treatment of the fabric with a solution of sodium hypochlorite. In order to evaluate the results of sodium hypochlorite treatment for GSR visualization, the MGT was used as a reference pattern. Enhancing GSR patterns on dark or multicolored clothing was performed by treating the fabric with an application of 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite. Bleaching the dyes in the fabric enhances visualization of the GSR pattern by eliminating the background color. Some dyes are not affected by sodium hypochlorite; therefore, bleaching may not enhance the GSR patterns in some fabrics. Sodium hypochlorite provides the investigator with a method for enhancing GSR patterns directly on the fabric. However, this study is not intended to act as a substitute for the MGT or Sodium Rhodizonate test.     

生物样品中敌鼠钠盐和溴敌隆杀鼠药的检验

介绍了敌鼠和溴敌隆抗凝血杀鼠药的定性定量分析方法.在酸性条件下,选用液-液提取和C_(18)柱固相萃取方法处理生物样品,用高效液相色谱法和薄层色谱方法定性定量分析.方法适用于中毒案件的检验.     

Macroscopic,Microscopic, and Chemical Assessment of Gunshot Lesions on Decomposed Pig Skin

Abstract: Very little literature exists on gunshot wounds on decomposed material. In this study, seven pig heads underwent a shooting test. Entrance wounds from the first head underwent neutron activation analysis (NAA) and histological testing immediately after the firing test; the other six heads were exposed to two different environments (open air and soil) and analyzed by radiochemical and histological tests every 15 days. Gunshot wounds in air maintained their morphological characteristics, and those in soil showed severe alteration after 5 weeks. Microscopic testing verified positive results for lead in all gunshot wounds in open air, whereas in most of those in soil lead could not be detected. Radiochemical analysis performed by NAA yielded for all gunshot wounds but one antimony quantities in the range of 0.07–13.89 μg. In conclusion, it may be possible to detect residues of antimony even in degraded tissues.     

扫描电镜-能谱仪在毒物检验中的应用

目的建立扫描电镜-能谱仪检验氰化钠的方法。方法应用扫描电镜-能谱仪及化学反应法对案件的茶水和死者胃内容中的氰化钠成分进行检验。结果检验出了氰化钠成分。结论与传统分析方法相比,该方法具有快速、简便、准确以及不破坏试样的特点。