固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱法检验人全血中的地塞米松

目的采用固相萃取结合液相色谱-质谱法检验人全血中地塞米松。方法采用SPE提取全血,用UPLC-MS/MS方法测定,采用ESI离子源,MRM方式监测。结果地塞米松的检出限为0.05ng/mL,线性范围1ng/mL~100ng/mL,方法回收率大于78.1%,日内、日间精密度均小于15%。结论 SPE-UPLC/MS/MS检验人全血中地塞米松的方法简单、高效,可应用于人全血中地塞米松的检验。     

Refining Fingermark Development using Diacetylene Copolymers on Difficult Surfaces,

In further work investigating the intriguing application of diacetylene copolymers in fingermark detection, methods were developed to control (inhibit or enhance) the diacetylene polymerization reaction in fingermarks treated with a mixture of the monomers 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐bis‐(phenylurethane) (HDDPU) and 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐bis(p‐chlorophenylurethane) (HDDCPU) in acetone solution. These methods included the use of a humidity chamber to reduce the amount of background development while promoting development on the fingermark, subjecting developed fingermarks to freezing temperatures and using a solvent to remove unreacted monomer in order to inhibit the polymerization reaction. Developed fingermarks were enhanced by conventional lighting (white light, filtered light) and fast Raman mapping, which was shown to be advantageous over FTIR imaging. This study also demonstrated the applicability of diacetylene copolymer solutions in the covert detection of fingermarks on difficult surfaces. Furthermore, fingermarks were successfully developed with good ridge detail on pig skin (used as a model for human skin, a notoriously difficult surface on which to develop fingermarks).     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

肝水解肽注射液反相高效液相色谱特征研究

目的 研究肝水解肽注射液的反相高效液相色谱（reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP HPLC）特征。方法 采用RP HPLC/紫外光谱（ultraviolet spectrum, UV）法分离肝水解肽注射液的主要成分。色谱条件：0.1％三氟乙酸水溶液和0.1％三氟乙酸乙腈 0.1％三氟乙酸水溶液（80∶20），进行梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 ml/min；检测波长214 nm。用中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件对所得图谱进行评价。结果 相同厂家不同批号产品特征图谱与均谱相似度均在0.95以上；不同厂家产品特征图谱与均谱的相似度在0.93以上。结论 所建立的RP HPLC方法具有较好的分离能力，线性、精密度良好；企业制剂批间一致性良好，不同来源动物肝脏用不同酶的水解产物几乎无差异。本实验为肝水解肽注射液的质量控制提供了有效的方法。     

六味补气胶囊对肺气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生活质量和肺功能的影响

［摘要］目的 探讨六味补气胶囊对肺气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD)稳定期患者生活质量和肺功能的影响。方法 选择80例COPD稳定期肺气虚证患者，随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组40例。对照组和治疗组均给予常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予六味补气胶囊口服。在治疗前后采用圣乔治呼吸问卷分别对两组患者的生活质量进行测评，并检测肺功能。结果 治疗后对照组和治疗组分别脱落2、3例。治疗前后两组肺活量和第一秒用力肺活量（forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1）比较，以及两组治疗后肺活量和FEV1比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后两组圣乔治呼吸问卷3个维度（呼吸症状、活动受限和疾病影响）评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.01），治疗组圣乔治呼吸问卷4个维度（呼吸症状、活动受限、疾病影响和生活质量）的改善明显优于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论 六味补气胶囊干预肺气虚型COPD稳定期患者，能够减缓患者肺功能下降，提高生活质量。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

论基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行的停止形态

关于基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行的停止形态，在刑法理论和司法实务上存在犯罪中止、犯罪未遂和具体分析说三种立场。中止犯减免处罚的刑事政策根据是基于预防犯罪目的而对中止行为予以奖励，其对中止自动性的判断具有指导、制约作用。基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行，未能表明其已回到合法性轨道，其危险人格并未得以良性转化，仍具有预防必要性，不值得给予中止犯减免处罚的奖励。中止自动性的认定应当维持主观说的基本立场，但“能”和“欲”的判断必须受到功利价值观的制约。基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行，其犯罪欲望或其预期的犯罪收益无法通过继续犯罪得到实现，该停止行为应视为“欲而不能”,而非“能而不欲”,不符合中止自动性特征。