Beating the bounds: how does ‘open source’ become a seed commons?

In response to ongoing plant genetic enclosures, the Open Source Seed Initiative (OSSI) is creating a ‘protected commons’ for seed. It is a project, I argue, that reflects characteristics of a growing transnational commoning movement. From the Zapatistas to seed wars, such movements draw attention to commons not simply as a resource, but as a dynamic and evolving social activity: commoning. In the US, OSSI includes 38 plant breeders, 48 seed companies and 377 crop varieties. Yet challenges remain for OSSI to gain wider legitimacy for ‘freed seed’, to build trust in a moral pledge, and to establish fair guidelines for which people and which seed can participate in making the commons. Using the metaphor of ‘beating the bounds’ – a feudal practice of contesting enclosures – I ask how OSSI defends the commons in intersecting arenas. The first way is legal, as OSSI negotiates a move from contract law toward moral economy law. Next is epistemic, as an informal breeder network revitalizes farmer knowledge, while proving more structurally able and culturally equipped to lead commoning efforts. Finally, I reflect on the nature of boundary beating itself, aided by Global South movements. Seed sovereignty perspectives suggest room for a pluriverse of commons to grow.     

实施替代资源开发 实现生态与经济协调发展

生态与经济的协调发展依赖于生态环境的可承受能力、可持续的能源支撑和替代能源特别是生态能源的开发,调整优化能源供给与需求结构需要改变常规能源的供给与消费结构,更需要大力发展核能、太阳能、水能、风能、地热和生物等替代能源,并使利益诱导成为替代新能源开发的基础机制。因此,必须推动节能技术和替代能源,特别是生态能源利用技术的发展,并提供政策和法律制度的支持、保障和激励。     

正确理解马克思的劳动价值理论

马克思主义经典作家关于资本主义社会的劳动和劳动价值的理论,揭示了当时资本主义生产方式的运行特点和基本矛盾.我们应该结合新的实际,在服务产品、分配制度等方面深化社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识.     

大一新生迷茫心理调查分析及应对策略——以河南理工大学为例

文章从大一新生迷茫心理情况调查入手,针对大一新生迷茫心理的现实表现,深入剖析了造成大一新生迷茫心理的原因,并提出建构自助、他助、互助体系是帮助新生顺利度过迷茫期的重要路径。     

日本预防组织犯罪对策的要点及其启示

日本包括西方许多国家的组织犯罪,在某种意义上均可说是与制度有关或由制度造成,因此,日本基于这种环境,在＂对策＂中首先从＂法＂的高度进行组织保障,从＂修法＂起步,制定＂纲要＂指南、规范过程实施,强化重点保证,以及在宏观处立足、在过程中掌控细节等。随着中国国际化程度的不断提高和经济全球化进程的不断提速,国际上的一些职业犯罪包括敌对势力和邪教等组织肯定都会把触角伸向中国,中国警方必须积极应对、未雨绸缪,制定中国式的预防组织犯罪对策,即充分发挥制度优势,清除组织犯罪滋生成长环境、把组织犯罪消灭在萌芽状态和拒之于国门之外。     

指甲花醌显现纸张上汗潜手印初步研究

目的介绍一种用天然植物提取成分指甲花醌显现渗透性纸张表面汗潜手印的方法。方法利用指甲花醌能够和手印遗留物质中的氨基酸发生显色反应来显现手印。结果显现出的手印纹线在自然光下观察呈紫褐色,并且在540nm激发光源条件下,通过红色护目镜观察还有很强的荧光特征。结论指甲花醌显现法具有安全性高、健康环保、操作简单、显现效果明显的特点。     

公安信访问题重在源头治理

公安信访问题直接关系民生,关系到公安机关的形象。治理公安信访问题必须坚持眼睛向内,以"三个设定"的理念贯穿于公安信访工作,重点把握四个环节:一是加强领导,落实责任;二是防字当头,严密排查;三是完善机制,全警参与;四是以人为本,促进和谐。     

论“初始兴趣混淆”的法律规制

就“初始兴趣混淆”的性质而言，其与传统的“售中混淆”并无本质上的区别，均会在一定程度上抑止商标识别功能的发挥，因此有必要将其纳入商标法的规制范围。而在“初始兴趣混淆”的认定问题上，商标法也无需为此单独创设有别于传统混淆理论的评判规则，只要法律以消费者的利益为基点妥适协调商标权人与竞争厂商之间的利益关系，“初始兴趣混淆”理论将会对商标的识别功能提供更为全面的保障。     

名人广告中的“睡眠效应”分析

现在，名人广告在广告类型中所占的比重越来越大，广告主对广告有了更大、更多的期许，受众对广告也有了更多自己的要求。利用睡眠效应理论，对症下药，充分利用高可信性信源带来的正效果，积极地把低可信性信源的负效果转化为正效果，以真正提高名人广告的传播效果。     

How interest groups influence public opinion: Arguments matter more than the sources

Through what mechanism do interest groups shape public opinion on concrete policies? In this article, three hypotheses are proposed that distinguish between the effect of the arguments conveyed by interest groups and the effect of interest groups as source cues. Two survey experiments on the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TIPP) and the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change allow the testing of these hypotheses. The resulting evidence from several countries shows that, with respect to interest groups’ attempts at shaping public opinion, arguments matter more than their sources. This is so even when accounting for people's trust in the interest groups that serve as source cues and for people's level of information about a policy. The finding that interest groups affect public opinion via arguments rather than as source cues has implications for the literature on elite influence on public opinion and the normative evaluation of interest group activities.