谈公安情报信息源建设

情报信息源是产生情报信息的源泉，是情报信息内容所反映的物质和事物状态本身。公安情报信息工作是公安机关决策的“源”，是各级领导管理决策的参谋。当前，公安情报信息源建设还存在情报信息类型单一，未能充分发掘各种情报信息资源等问题。因此，需加强公安科技信息资源建设及其方法的研究，注重公开途径信息源的发掘。     

Simultaneous detection and image capture of biological evidence using a combined 360° camera system with single wavelength laser illumination

Forensic investigators frequently utilise light sources to detect and presumptively identify biological evidence. The instrumentation typically deploys single or multiple wavelength exposures at various intensities, which interact with constituents of biological material, initiating fluorescence or improving contrast between the material and substrate. Documentation using sketches and/or photographic approaches follows detection, which are essential for scene reconstruction. Recent research has demonstrated the simultaneous detection and capture of biological evidence using a 360° camera system combined with an alternate light source exhibiting broad wavelength ranges of light. Single wavelength light sources reportedly offer enhanced sensitivity, due to the increased light intensity and narrower bandwidth of light, although their combined use with a 360° camera system has not yet been explored.Samples of human blood, semen, saliva, and latent fingermarks were deposited on to a variety of substrates. A 360° camera system combined with a laser light source was used to detect and capture the samples. Ten participants were asked to detect the samples on images of the substrates without ground truth knowledge. It was possible to detect and capture biological evidence, although success varied according to substrate colour and light intensity. Advantageously, presumptive screening for biological fluids and the simultaneous location and visualisation of such evidence as part of a 360° panorama of the scene for contextual purposes was permitted. There was no fluorescent response from the fingermarks, although the oblique lighting effects appeared sufficient to aid mark detection in some circumstances. The use of single wavelength illumination clearly facilitates identification of a range of forensically important material. When coupled with a 360-degree camera, this allows for simultaneous identification and recording of such evidence in the context of the whole environment.     

消费者混淆与平行进口的规制——从美国的两个平行进口的案例谈起

本文从美国两个平行进口[2]的案例着手,分析消费者混淆理论在平行进口规制中的作用,从而得出美国在平行进口的问题上在采取地域性原则为基础、权利用竭原则为例外的同时将消费者混淆的可能性作为评定平行进口合法性的依据的结论。     

司法介入中国足球“黑哨”问题之法理分析

足球“黑哨”具有社会危害性,并已达到了犯罪程度。面对足球“黑哨”问题,司法应该介入。中国足球协会名为社会团体法人实为足球运动管理机关,它被赋予了部分行政管理职能。足球裁判的法律地位应为国家工作人员。吹“黑哨”的足球裁判主要涉嫌受贿罪以及巨额财产来源不明罪。外国刑法都把体育竞赛中的贿赂行为作为犯罪加以规定。     

监狱内部工作风险评估探析简

监狱在对社会风险进行化解和管控的同时,其自身内部也面临着比其他机构更多的风险,监狱内部工作风险具有复合性、潜在性、多发性特点,其风险源主要源于监狱警察、罪犯、监狱制度及监狱环境。监狱内部工作风险可以通过常规经验、内部工作流程、风险事件等指标予以识别,在此前提下采取定量与定性相结合,定性为主而定量为辅的方法进行评估。     

论行政惯例的行政法法源地位及其制度构建

行政主体执法中的习惯性做法形成行政惯例,行政惯例应当具有法源地位。其获得法源地位符合信赖利益保护原则,行政自我拘束原则及缓解成文法局限的要求。构建成立要件是行政惯例制度的基础,成立行政惯例需符合主体适格,有一定地域适用性,主观确信,有反复适用的客观行为,符合法律规定和精神,符合政策导向等条件。我国适用制度的构建包括明确行政惯例的法源地位及效力位阶,建立案例指导制度和强化行政惯例监督制度等方面。     

CORRELATES OF VIOLENT POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE UNITED STATES*

Although research on terrorism has grown rapidly in recent years, few scholars have applied criminological theories to the analysis of individual‐level political extremism. Instead, researchers focused on radicalization have drawn primarily from political science and psychology and have overwhelmingly concentrated on violent extremists, leaving little variation in the dependent variable. With the use of a newly available data set, we test whether variables derived from prominent criminological theories are helpful in distinguishing between nonviolent and violent extremists. The results show that variables related to social control (lack of stable employment), social learning (radical peers), psychological perspectives (history of mental illness), and criminal record all have significant effects on participation in violent political extremism and are robust across multiple techniques for imputing missing data. At the same time, other common indicators of social control (e.g., education and marital status) and social learning perspectives (e.g., radical family members) were not significant in the multivariate models. We argue that terrorism research would benefit from including criminology insights and by considering political radicalization as a dynamic, evolving process, much as life‐course criminology treats more common forms of crime.     

人体生物性物质来源鉴定及法医学应用研究进展

犯罪现场中人体生物性物质来源鉴定在重现犯罪过程方面发挥了重要作用,寻找特异性遗传标记鉴定人体不同生物性物质来源是近年来法医学工作者研究的重点和难点。本文就目前研究较多的用于人体生物性物质来源鉴定的遗传标记进行综述,包括DNA甲基化、mRNA、microRNA、微生物菌群、蛋白质等。通过比较不同种类遗传标记鉴定人体生物性物质来源的原理和方法,发现人体不同生物性物质来源的鉴定都有其最适合的遗传标记种类,并且可以采用单一遗传标记或联合多种遗传标记进行检验。尽管目前各法医学实验室无统一的标准和方法鉴定人体生物性物质来源,但研究开发一系列成熟可靠的方法区分人体不同生物性物质,进而发挥其法庭证据作用,将是未来的发展方向。     

程序正义视角下“税源联动”法律规制探讨

“税源联动”的建立,能从一定程度上克服我国当前税收征管中存在的痼疾,既节约信息收集成本,简化征管程序,又通过不同部门信息资源共享,使资源利用最大化,阻塞税款流失漏洞。然而,在追求税收征管现代化和税款征收高效率过程中,尚有一系列法律问题需要探讨。因此,在税收程序正义视角下审视“税源联动”,并坚持在税收程序法定、公开等基础上推进“税源联动”,对于“税源联动”规则制度逐步完善,以及实践中得以充分发挥作用具有重要意义。