CLOSE‐UPS AND THE SCALE OF ECOLOGY: LAND USES AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOCIAL CONTEXT AND CRIME

Whereas one line of recent neighborhood research has placed an emphasis on zooming into smaller units of analysis such as street blocks, another line of research has suggested that even the meso‐area of neighborhoods is too narrow and that the area surrounding the neighborhood is also important. Thus, there is a need to examine the scale at which the social ecology impacts crime. We use data from seven cities from around the year 2000 to test our research questions using multilevel negative binomial regression models (N = 73,010 blocks and 8,231 block groups). Our results suggest that although many neighborhood factors seem to operate on the microscale of blocks, others seem to have a much broader impact. In addition, we find that racially and ethnically homogenous blocks within heterogeneous block groups have the most crime. Our findings also show the strongest results for a multitude of land‐use measures and that these measures sharpen some of the associations from social characteristics. Thus, we find that accounting for multiple scales simultaneously is important in ecological studies of crime.     

美国“精明增长”对我国城市空间扩展的启示

论述了目前国内外讨论比较多的"精明增长"(Smart Growth)产生的背景及其主要内涵,对我国城市空间扩展的具体情况进行了分析,并结合我国城市发展的具体情况,从美国城市蔓延的前车之鉴中得到教训,从城市发展策略和技术手法上将"精明增长"的理念用来指导我国城市发展的具体实践.     

空间形式:现代小说的叙事结构

长期以来,叙事学理论对时间问题关注较多,对空间问题着力甚少。在关于现代小说叙事结构“空间形式”的探讨中,其“空间”非指日常生活经验中具体的物件或场所,而是一种抽象空间、知觉空间、“虚幻空间”。只有在完全弄清楚了小说的时间线索,并对整部小说的结构有了整体的把握之后,这种“空间”才能在读者的意识中呈现出来。构成现代小说空间形式的要件是时间,或者说时间系列。小说的空间形式必须建立在时间逻辑的基础上,才能建立起叙事的秩序;只有“时间性”与“空间性”的创造性结合,才是创作伟大小说的条件,也是未来小说发展的趋势所在。     

广东战略性新兴产业空间布局研究——基于因子分析法和聚类分析法

研究广东战略性新兴产业的空间布局对于广东实现产业结构升级和转变经济发展方式意义重大。该文介绍了战略性新兴产业空间布局的三种基本模式,在此基础上,运用因子分析法和聚类分析法对广东省战略性新兴产业的空间聚类进行实证分析,对广东21个地级市进行空间布局模式的划分,并从布局机制、布局模式、布局区位以及布局策略等方面为科学布局广东战略性新兴产业提出政策建议。     

海峡西岸经济区视角下的福建中心城市发展战略——基于海西区与我国三大经济区的比较研究

由于长期被看作是海防前线,福建各项建设曾十分落后,福建在我国沿海经济带上属于“凹陷区。经济低洼地带”。2009年海峡西岸经济区正式上升为国家战略,海西区进入快速发展时期。本文从关于城市空间结构的三种古典模型入手分析了我国三大经济区的状况,并与海西区作了比较研究,在此基础上提出福建以及海西区的城市发展战略。     

THE ECOLOGY OF GANG TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES*

Within any type of system, the actors in the system inevitably compete over resources. With competition comes the possibility of conflict. To minimize such effects, actors often will partition the system into geographic territories. It is against the larger ecological backdrop of competition and conflict that we examine territory formation among urban street gangs. Although previous studies have examined the social and built environment where gangs form, and how the presence of a gang influences local levels of violence, we know little about how competitive interactions are tied to the formation and maintenance of gang territories. We use formal spatial Lotka–Volterra competition models to derive hypotheses about competition‐driven territory formation. By using data on 563 between‐gang shootings, involving 13 rival street gangs in the Hollenbeck Policing Division of Los Angeles, we show that violence strongly clusters along the boundaries between gangs in a way that is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The results suggest that even weak competitive interactions between gangs are sufficient to drive gang territory formation without recourse to other processes or assumptions.     

北部湾城市群空间结构优化研究

借鉴城市群空间结构的相关理论和方法,剖析北部湾城市群等级规模结构特征、北部湾城市群空间结构演变特征;通过构建城市流作用强度模型,分析北部湾城市群空间经济联系强度;最后探讨了北部湾城市群空间结构优化的原则和策略。     

Malware categorization using dynamic mnemonic frequency analysis with redundancy filtering

The battle between malware developers and security analysts continues, and the number of malware and malware variants keeps increasing every year. Automated malware generation tools and various detection evasion techniques are also developed every year. To catch up with the advance of malware development technologies, malware analysis techniques need to be advanced to help security analysts. In this paper, we propose a malware analysis method to categorize malware using dynamic mnemonic frequencies. We also proposed a redundancy filtering technique to alleviate drawbacks of dynamic analysis. Experimental results show that our proposed method can categorize malware and can reduce storage overheads of dynamic analysis.     

时间价格指数和空间价格指数的比较与协调

价格指数在经济政策尤其是价格政策制定中发挥着重要作用。从时空维度上看,价格指数一般可分为时间价格指数和空间价格指数,二者都属于价格统计的范畴,在编制要素、编制流程、组织管理模式、加权处理方式、质量调整方法等方面具有一致性。但是,时间价格指数和空间价格指数也存在显著的差异性,主要体现在理论内涵、指数性质、测度目标、计算公式、规格品价格调查范围、权重数据来源、规格品选择方案和对数据的要求等方面。推动时间价格指数与空间价格指数的协调,有助于建立一致、统一的价格统计体系,形成反映地区价格水平及变动的完整图谱。为此,实践上应积极探索ICP与CPI统计体系的整合,增加二者在居民消费品基本支出分类上的直接匹配度。