空间认知的几点反思

空间理论探究近年来成为学术界关注的热点,但从不同流派的空间认知中,可以发现他们对空间的认知或者基于空间理论展开的其他研究,都不同程度地存在着脱离对空间本体及基本属性认知的局限,因而从空间本体论、空间属性、空间方位、空间与时间关系角度全面深入地对其展开探究,是科学准确地把握空间基础理论的关键,也是进一步展开空间理论其他研究的前提。     

THE ECOLOGY OF GANG TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES*

Within any type of system, the actors in the system inevitably compete over resources. With competition comes the possibility of conflict. To minimize such effects, actors often will partition the system into geographic territories. It is against the larger ecological backdrop of competition and conflict that we examine territory formation among urban street gangs. Although previous studies have examined the social and built environment where gangs form, and how the presence of a gang influences local levels of violence, we know little about how competitive interactions are tied to the formation and maintenance of gang territories. We use formal spatial Lotka–Volterra competition models to derive hypotheses about competition‐driven territory formation. By using data on 563 between‐gang shootings, involving 13 rival street gangs in the Hollenbeck Policing Division of Los Angeles, we show that violence strongly clusters along the boundaries between gangs in a way that is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The results suggest that even weak competitive interactions between gangs are sufficient to drive gang territory formation without recourse to other processes or assumptions.     

美国“精明增长”对我国城市空间扩展的启示

论述了目前国内外讨论比较多的"精明增长"(Smart Growth)产生的背景及其主要内涵,对我国城市空间扩展的具体情况进行了分析,并结合我国城市发展的具体情况,从美国城市蔓延的前车之鉴中得到教训,从城市发展策略和技术手法上将"精明增长"的理念用来指导我国城市发展的具体实践.     

空间形式:现代小说的叙事结构

长期以来,叙事学理论对时间问题关注较多,对空间问题着力甚少。在关于现代小说叙事结构“空间形式”的探讨中,其“空间”非指日常生活经验中具体的物件或场所,而是一种抽象空间、知觉空间、“虚幻空间”。只有在完全弄清楚了小说的时间线索,并对整部小说的结构有了整体的把握之后,这种“空间”才能在读者的意识中呈现出来。构成现代小说空间形式的要件是时间,或者说时间系列。小说的空间形式必须建立在时间逻辑的基础上,才能建立起叙事的秩序;只有“时间性”与“空间性”的创造性结合,才是创作伟大小说的条件,也是未来小说发展的趋势所在。     

广东战略性新兴产业空间布局研究——基于因子分析法和聚类分析法

研究广东战略性新兴产业的空间布局对于广东实现产业结构升级和转变经济发展方式意义重大。该文介绍了战略性新兴产业空间布局的三种基本模式,在此基础上,运用因子分析法和聚类分析法对广东省战略性新兴产业的空间聚类进行实证分析,对广东21个地级市进行空间布局模式的划分,并从布局机制、布局模式、布局区位以及布局策略等方面为科学布局广东战略性新兴产业提出政策建议。     

海峡西岸经济区视角下的福建中心城市发展战略——基于海西区与我国三大经济区的比较研究

由于长期被看作是海防前线,福建各项建设曾十分落后,福建在我国沿海经济带上属于“凹陷区。经济低洼地带”。2009年海峡西岸经济区正式上升为国家战略,海西区进入快速发展时期。本文从关于城市空间结构的三种古典模型入手分析了我国三大经济区的状况,并与海西区作了比较研究,在此基础上提出福建以及海西区的城市发展战略。     

北部湾城市群空间结构优化研究

借鉴城市群空间结构的相关理论和方法,剖析北部湾城市群等级规模结构特征、北部湾城市群空间结构演变特征;通过构建城市流作用强度模型,分析北部湾城市群空间经济联系强度;最后探讨了北部湾城市群空间结构优化的原则和策略。     

Where did the first divorced people live in Paris and its suburbs?

ABSTRACT

Following the law of 1884 that re-authorised divorce in France, divorce was more frequent in the large cities before spreading to other urban areas and then to rural ones. Divorce rates were especially high in the Seine département from 1884 to the eve of the First World War. In this region, divorced people lived more frequently in Paris than in the suburbs. More precisely, they resided more often on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris proper (intra-muros) and, as an extension of this area, in the suburban cities to the west and, to the east, around the Bois de Vincennes. A comparison of the share of divorced men and women to the economic, demographic and cultural characteristics of the 20 Paris arrondissements and 74 suburban municipalities in the Seine département shows that a portion of the spatial distribution can be explained by the occupational structures of the area. Divorced people seldom lived in the most rural areas. This urban/rural divide can be explained by two main factors that can be complementary: the economic possibility to divorce – and here we will add the economic possibility for women to leave live alone after a divorce – and the social and cultural acceptance of divorce.     

Strategic rebels: a spatial econometric approach to rebel fighting durations in civil wars

ABSTRACT

Recent research on multi-actor civil wars highlights that rebel organizations condition their conflict behavior on that of other rebel organizations, with competition and free-riding constituting the core theoretical mechanisms. We provide a new actor-centric approach to explicitly model strategic interdependence in multi-actor civil wars. We argue that rebel organizations have incentives to remain mobilized until the end of a conflict to maintain their power to negotiate, power to spoil, power to enforce, and power to protect. This induces strategic complements that dominate duration dynamics in multi-actor conflicts. Based on a network game-theoretic model, we derive a spatial econometric framework that allows for a direct test of strategic interdependence. We find that the estimated duration interdependence is positive but partially offset in secessionist conflicts where the public goods nature of the incompatibility also induces strategic substitution effects.